Quantcast
Channel: Edith's Streets
Viewing all 1473 articles
Browse latest View live

Riverside east of the Tower and on the north bank. West Thurrock

$
0
0
Riverside east of the Tower and on the north bank.
West Thurrock
TQ 59609 77342

Small, but heavily industrialised stretch of riverside.

Post to the west Stoneness



Fiddlers or St Clement's Reach.
An anchor is a ‘fiddler’ and legend is that St Clement was martyred by being lashed to the anchor and he is the patron saint of `mariners. Trinity House real name is the “Guild of Holy Trinity and St Clement and the Saints”. The anchor is its emblem.  St.Clement’s isolated church is north of the river here
Procter and Gamble factory. This detergents plant was built by the Newcastle based soap manufacturer Thomas Hedley & Co, which had been part of Proctor and Gamble since 1930.  The Thurrock plant was opened in 1940 and in 1962 Hedley's became part of the Proctor & Gamble group. The factory produces a wide range of soaps and detergents. They make products like Fairy washing-up liquid and Ariel, Bold, Fairy and Daz laundry detergent powders. They also have a Distribution Centre on site. 
Cross river power lines. The 400 kV Thames Crossing is between Botany Marshes in Swanscombe and West Thurrock using the tallest electricity pylons in the UK at 623 feet high. The current crossing was built in 1965, with a span of 4501 feet. Each tower has three cross arms and carries two circuits of 400 kV three-phase AC. 
West Thurrock Electricity Substation.
West Thurrock Power Station was a coal-fired power station. It was built by the Central Electricity Generating Board in 1957 opening in 1962. It had two tall chimneys and was later converted to burn oil and natural gas. It was operated by National Power from 1989 and was decommissioned by 1993. Part of the site was taken over by Procter & Gamble works including the former coaling jetty.

Sources
Electrical Infrastructure. Web site.
Grace’s Guide. Web site
Placeandsee. Web Site
Proctor and Gamble. Web site

Thurrock Council. Web site

Riverside east of the Tower and on the north bank. South Stifford

$
0
0
Riverside east of the Tower and north of the river
South Stifford
TQ 59532 77402

Post to the south West Thurrock


The main road into Grays passing through the barely perceptable village of South Stifford. Factories and marshland surround the strange and isolated church of St. Clement's.  Why is it there?? Is it true about the pilgrims??  What’s all this about Hastings?


Foxton Road
TCS Yacht Chandlery in portacabins
South Stifford Baptist church. This began in 1900 as a mission in Grays Thurrock. The building here was first hired, and purchased in 1908. In 1915 the building was replaced by a school-church and a hall was built in 1932 on the other side of the road. The church had closed by 1976 and is now in other use. The hall fronting on London Road appears to be totally derelict.
Martin Cross Church Organ Builders are now in the church building. They appear to have a national reputation and to have restored and built many organs


Gumley Road
Road running parallel to the railway with trading estates and light industry. Before the road appears on maps in the 1970s there were a number of industrial sites here behind buildings in London Road
Hedley Avenue
Proctor and Gamble detergent factory. This detergents plant was built by the Newcastle based soap manufacturer Thomas Hedley & Co, which had been part of Proctor and Gamble since 1930.  The Thurrock plant was opened in 1940 and in 1962 Hedley's became part of the Proctor & Gamble group. The factory produces a wide range of soaps and detergents. They make products like Fairy washing-up liquid and Ariel, Bold, Fairy and Daz laundry detergent powders. They also have a distribution centre on site. The original Hedley plant was the easternmost part

Lion Cement Works
Lion Works opened in 1874 on the site of an old steam mill. Chalk was quarried locally from sites to the north. Clay was obtained from river mud. , Originally there were two wet process bottle kilns with three more added in 1880. From 1880 to was owned by D. Robertson and Sons and in 1888 six chamber kilns were built and more added in 1892, and 1896. From 1898 the owners were S. Pearson & Son Ltd
Wouldham Works. Pearson’s aimed to upgrade the plant to state-of-art and formed the Wouldham Company as a partnership with J. B. White & Bros. named as a result of Robertson’s transfer of business from Wouldham, Kent. The company installed six rotary kilns in 1901.in 1912 it was taken over by British Portland Cement Manufacturers and installed what was Britain’s largest kiln. The plant ran through both World Wars. A rail link was established after the Second World War but much of the cement continued to be despatched by barge until closure. After 1970, it was the last Blue Circle plant on the north side of the Thames. The kilns stopped in 1976, the end of the Essex industry. It became a distribution centre for cement from Northfleet. A section of silos and packing plant was kept and appear to be still there.
London Road
The eastern part of the road – roughly as far as the railway bridge, constitute the old village of South Stifford.
Railway line on west site of Old Shant once went from quarries to cement works
432 Old Shant. This seems to have once been known as The Club House –although it appears to be a 19th building this is not shown on OS maps until the mid-20th and even then not marked as a pub.
470 Ship pub. This dates from at least the 1820s.
Vicarage on a large site to the east of the present church pre-920
St Clements Health Centre
567 St Clements Church. This is clearly a new church and appears to be part of the same complex of buildings as the Health Centre. It is part of the Grays Thurrock Team Ministry. It appears to be on the site of a previous church hall and vicarage in the 1960s
Parsonage Farm to east of that up to the railway. The farm was sold for industrial development in 1917. The farm house of brick and tile, stood until the 1960s
Railway bridge. This carries the line from Upminster over the London Road to West Thurrock Junction. .
471 Ultimate House site. Also called Drapers Yard – Drapers were a haulage company who moved there in 1974 and the site later became the William Ball, kitchen, distribution centre.
Home Farm – this was in the area of the Europa Trading Estate
Horns Farm.  This was on the north side of the road in the area of Palmerston Road. It is said that a small piece of land on the corner of Mill Lane remained into the 1970s with pigs and cows. This would have been between Mill Lane and a now defunct railway line. This piece now appears to be open land but the corner of London Road and Mill Lane has a fine piece of walling with coping stone and the remains of entrances – however some maps show this as the site of Brickwall Farm.
Railway crossings – the road was crossed by a number of industrial rail lines and tramways going to and from pits to the north and cement works to the south.

Manor Road
West Thurrock Primitive Methodist church may have begun in 1845, a small chapel was built here in 1876 and it was closed and sold c. 1903. The building was demolished in the 1960s to make a lorry park.   At the time the chapel was built there were houses on Manor Road – now it’s all lorry parks and sheds.
Railway
West Thurrock junction. This is the junction between the Fenchurch Street to Southend line and the Romford to Grays line which was built in 1892.
West Thurrock Signal Box.
Parsonage Road
On the site of Parsonage Farm.

St Clements’s Road
St.Clement's. This church is thought to be on a pilgrim road which crossed the Thames here. There are only three churches like this in the whole country. – It originally had a circular tower which was also the nave, in imitation of the Jerusalem Holy Sepulchre abs these are - usually Knights Templar churches.  It has a 15th tower and is built of knapped flint and Reigate stone, badly repaired in the 17th century. In 1632 three bells made in Whitechapel and a ringing chamber was added to the tower... The church had a rector from 1100. Had been sold to Hastings Grammar School which Beckett was associated with and it has a long connection with Hastings collegiate church. Knights were sent from here to guard the castle of Hastings for 15 days a year. The tower arch has the arms of Hastings. It has recently been restored by Procter and Gamble.
Old St.Clement's Wildlife Sanctuary. This is the old churchyard allowed to run wild.

Sources
Barnes, Grays Thurrock Revisted
British History online. Thurrock
Cement kilns. Web site
Dean and Studd. The Stifford Saga
Procter and Gamble. Web site
Pub History. Web site
St.Clement’s Church. Web site


Riverside east of the Tower and north bank of the River. Grays

$
0
0
Riverside north of the river and east of the Tower
Grays
TQ 60743 77616


Acres of indentikit modern housing on old industrial sites with no sign of anything except houses. One old pub, some defunct chapels

Post ito the west South Stifford

Argent Street
Built across the site of a former cement works
Cement works – making Shoobridge Anchor Brand. 1871-1922 . This originally belonged to Brooks, Shoobridge and Co, then from 1900 Hilton Anderson Brooks and Co. Ltd and from 1900Associaed Portland Cement Manufacturers (Blue Circle) but it was known as Brooks or Anchor Works. At first there were three wet process bottle kilns but the works expanded considerably.  Despite being next to the main railway to Tilbury, it had no rail link, and used barges for haulage. The site was derelict until after the Second World War when it was redeveloped for industry. It is now under housing
Gumley Road
Recreation ground

London Road
312 new housing on the site of what appeared to be a small chapel, latterly in use as a dancing school.
Gas works.  This was set up by the Grays Thurrock Gas and Coke Co. Ltd. In 1853 it became statutory in 1884 with an original site on the south side of the road adjacent to the railway. It was taken over by the Gas Light and Coke Co. in 1930. They were connected to the railway system via the Cement Company's system and are also said to have had a wharf on the Thames. Until 1913 had been a small company operating only in Grays and Tilbury but they then took over four small works in south-east Essex which they closed down. Their districts were connected to Grays by a then new system of steel mains taking gas to many isolated properties. The works output trebled in ten years and so the retort house was rebuilt and stoking machinery introduced as well as a Carburetted Water Gas plant. The works was extended to the north side of the road and holders built there, probably in the late 1920s.  They were closed by the Gas Light and Coke xi in 1931 but the site remained as a gasholder station. The original site on the south side of the road appears to have been in other use for many years, the site on the north is about to be redeveloped.

Wharf Road
Chalk Row. Cottages which once stood on the east side of Wharf Road south of the railway
The Wharf Hotel. This is shown as ‘The Wharf Hotel’ on maps from the 1890s and possibly earlier. It is said to have once been called the ‘Sailors Return’.
Rail and tram lines once ran from sidings on the main London-Southend Railway south westwards. One line ran to the north to serve the cement works beyond and others ran down to stop short at sites west of the hotel.
Ulmate of Ammonia Works.  This was on the site of the later cement works in the 1860s. This was probably a works making some sort of fertiliser from manure.
Malthouse. Marked on maps from the 19th century to the east of the hotel

Wouldham Road
New road which covers some of the area of the Wouldham Cement Works, to the west.


Sources
British History online. Web site
Baldwin. The River and the Downs
Cement Kilns. Web site
Stewart. Gas Works of the North Thames area.
Thurrock Council. Web site.

Riverside on the north bank and east of the 'Tower. Grays.

$
0
0
Riverside east of the Tower and the north bank. Grays
TQ 61272 77961

Town Centre of this old, downmarket, riverside town

Post to the west Grays


Argent Street
The Theobald Arms. Two-bar, family-run local in the rejuvenated riverside area of Grays, opposite the Town Wharf. Former stables at the rear. It was previously called the Hoy and was recorded from the 18th. It is named after a James Theobald who is a past owner of Belmont Castle.
Shefield House. In 1870 this 3-storey house built in the late 17th, became the infirmary and staff quarters for the Training Ship Goliath, in the grounds were a playing field and swimming bath. They were later used by the boys from the Exmouth. It stood near the Town Wharf, and the site of Theobalds Arms, east of the High Street and from the 17th was the principal house in the town.
The Castle. This was present in 1854. This pub is no longer in existence
The Tops Club. CIU social club, in long low brick building which either it or its predecessor is shown on maps as far back as the 19th.  Now designated as a site for new housing.

Bridge Road
57 Spring of Life Chapel, Gratitude Plaza. Part of the, originally Nigerian, Redeemed Church of God.  This is probably the Pentecostal church of the Assemblies of God built originally in 1937 and called Clarence Hall.
New Recreation Ground - Football ground. This was on the west side of the road. Grays Athletic played here from 1906 to 2010. It had previously been used by Grays United. In 1981 the Club Patron, Mr. Ron Billings, bought the ground to ensure the future of the club but after his death the club was unable to negotiate terms with his family, and the ground was redeveloped for housing
Bricklayers Arms. This probably dates from the late 19th, but it does win competitions for its floral displays.
Congregational chapel. This was opened in 1886, at the corner with New Road. In 1941 it was gutted by incendiary bombs and the congregation moved elsewhere. 
Congregational chapel opened in 1858 and sold as an extension to the brewery in 1885.
Co-op Milk Depot. This was used as a Home Guard base in the Second World War.
Thurrock Brewery.  The Thurrock brewery of Seabrooke & Sons was founded in.1800 by Thomas Seabrooke, in High Street. The family had previously had a brickmaking business. The brewery was moved to an old soap boilers premises in Bridge Road in 1819. It remained in the hands of the Seabrook family throughout and they had other business interests, early on they ran a shipping line to Newcastle. By 1929 the brewery employing 180. had its own railway sidings, an artesian well, a wharf on the Thames and owned 120 public houses., they were taken over by Charrington & Co., which closed the brewery which was demolished in 1969. The main premises, later used by the Grays Co-operative Society, were demolished in 1969
Co-op Laundry. The old brewery buildings were used by the Co-op as a laundry until demolition in 1969.
Bromley
New housing on the site of light rail and tramways going to the riverside and tidal pools.

Bruce’s Wharf Road
Alexander Bruce were timber importers with a wharf on the river near here. The site was acquired by the forest products group Montague L Meyer in 1951. It had previously been a pole and sleeper depot with creosoting facilities. It had an open concreted area with undercover storage. There was a modern transport fleet
Coal Court
Modern housing on site where coal was handled when it was a real wharf
Columbia Wharf Road
Modern housing on a road near to the shipbreaking site
Wards Wharf. Wards are a Sheffield based machinery manufacturer who also acted as scrap suppliers to Sheffield metal workers, having ship breaking sites in a number of port areas.  The site here had access to the rail system and their own locomotives. Boats were driven up to the wharf from the River and were cut up, along with other vehicles and vessels. The scrap metal was then transported by rail to various steel makers

Conway Gardens
Modern housing on the site of Drum’s Oil Drum Works. They had been there since 1926 but from 1900 the site had been the The Rock Manufacturing Co., makers of patent plaster and cement.  During the Great War a factory there had made plywood for the Government and subsequently it was used by N. Kilvert & Sons, lard refiners

Crest Avenue
Modern housing on the site of a sports field – this seems to have been the Co-operative Society’s Sports Ground.

Crown Road
Bus station

Derby Road
The long bridge over the railway was built in the early 1970s as part of a scheme of town centre regeneration conceived in the 1960s.

Exmouth Road
The road was named after Training Ship Exmouth which was moored off Grays 1876-1979 to teach seamanship to boys.
Ferry
Long Ferry. In the 17th Grays was served on every tide by the 'Long Ferry' boats to and from Lion Quay which was downstream of London Bridge. But at Grays passengers had to be rowed out to the boat which was out in the tideway.
Short Ferry. This was owned by the Lord of the manor and had run since at least the 12th. It is thought that originally it went from a piece of drier land jutting out into St.Clement’s Reach but eventually it went from Town Wharf. It was leased out from about 1600 and lessor had to have three tideboats and one wherry and for it always to be available when wanted. It was still running in the mid-19th.

George Street
This town centre road dates from the 1890s and the period shortly before that
Post Office built here in 1930
State Cinema. Opened in 1938 the building remains in much of its original state built by Fredericks Electric Theatres Ltd. to the design of F. G. M. Chancellor of Frank Matcham & Co. It is equipped with a Compton 3Manual/6Ranks organ with Melotone attached and a ‘Rainbow’ illuminated surround. It has a fully equipped stage and 3 dressing rooms and there was also a restaurant. It closed in 1991. In 1993 the foyer was used as a nightclub and there were occasionally concerts. In 2001 it was bought by Morrisons to allow them to build on the car park and once they had done this they did minimal repairs and it was sold to a property company. Much of the organ has been stolen during break ins.

Goldsmiths Wharf
E. J. & W. Goldsmith were barge builders and hauliers. As one of the foremost barge companies on the river they built and repaired barges, as well as running their own fleet until the late 1970s. They had 147 vessels at their peak built to have interchangeable sails and said to be the largest fleet ever assembled. In addition to haulage they also had racing barges

Grays Co-operative Society Wharf
The Co-op used this for coal imports.  The co-op also imported wheat for use in their bakery which was near the riverside.
High Street
The High Street originally ran down to the river.  It was realigned in 1973 and the bottom end called Kings Walk.
Bull.  This was also known as the Bull’s Head. It dated from at least 1679 although it had been refronted it the mid19t when a window from the market house was installed. It was demolished in 1970.
The Anchor and Hope. Thus was previously called the George and dated from art least 1727. It was closed in 1960 and demolished in 1970
78 The Rising Sun. Also known as The Sun, and later The Mess. Dates from at least the late 18th. It is now a doctor’s surgery and clinic.
The Queen's Hotel. At the corner of Orsett Road and once the largest public house in Grays. This was originally called The Green Man (or Man and Bell). It was gutted by fire in 1890, and rebuilt. It closed in 1979 and became a Macdonalds.
Dutch House. This was a 17th gabled house demolished in 1950. It was the first building used by the Grays Cooperative Society.
Level crossing. This cuts the High Street in half. It is by the station and the gates need to be opened and closed nearly 100 times daily.  Various solutions have been sought and not implemented.
The King's Arms faced the Market Square with big windows. It dated from at least the late 18th
St.Peter and St.Paul's church.  This 12th church was ‘restored’ in 1846 and it is said that older features were removed.  There are many memorials including two 16th brasses including women and six children and a memorial tablet from 1870 to the memory of the schoolmaster and boys who died in a fire on training ship Goliath. The north porch was built as a war memorial in 1958, including the 12th doorway, removed in 1867, but had been preserved in a local garden. Recent work to the church has included a kitchen and toilet.
The Pullman. This was previously the Railway Hotel, dating from 1863
The Empire Theatre. This opened in 22nd 1910 with films and variety it had 800 seats. It was owned by Frederick’s Electric Theatres Ltd. It closed in 1941 for re-furbishment, re-opening as a live theatre. In 1942 and was requisitioned by the Ministry of Food and after the war, it became a greengrocers store, then later a Tesco. It was demolished in the 1960’s, and the site is now a Boots Chemists
The market place. This was at the south end of the road.
Livestock market. This was opposite the church but by 1843 the site was a timber yard.
Kings Walk
This was originally part of the High Street
The White Hart. The pub is said to date from 1791. The current building was constructed in the 1930s.

London Road
St. John’s Ambulance. Grays building


Maidstone Road,
62 Thurrock Targeted Therapeutic Service.
Gurdawara Grays. Sikh Temple. This is in an old works building
Local authority power station. Grays Thurrock Urban District Council opened an electricity works here in 1901. In 1948 this passed to the Eastern Electricity board. The site is now in other hands as Thurrock Enterprise Centre. There was also a mortuary on site

New Road
Thurrock Municipal Buildings and Civic Centre
Echoes. East of High Street, at the far end of New Road, was the Echoes, built c. 1869, which was for long the home of Charles Seabrooke the brewer. It was demolished in 1966
Pier Wharf
The wharf  was developed in 1841 with a pier 400 feet long, to ensure that passengers could now catch ferries at whatever the state of the tide and not have to transfer into smaller transfer boats for access Associated on either side of the wharf, were many companies operating along the foreshore of Grays, some had their own river facility for brining in raw materials or transporting the finished products.
Cole and Lequire. Firm of cornfactors and seedsmen, begun by a Henry Cole who in 1890 took over the corn merchants' business of Leonard W. Landfield and with their own fleet of purpose built sailing barges worked from Pier wharf until 1922 or later

Seabrook Rise
This was once part of New Road
The Regal Cinema. This opened in 1930 as Thurrock’s first ‘super-cinema’, with luxury furnishings, and a ‘Symphonique’ organ. The auditorium was in a semi-Atmospheric style by Fredericks Electric Theatres designed by F.G.M. Chancellor of Frank Matcham and Co. It had variety shows and there were six dressing rooms. It closed in 1960 and became a ten-pin bowling alley. It later became derelict and was demolished in the mid-1960’s. There is now housing on the site

Seally Road
Area of trading estates and supermarkets. This is built on the line of an industrial railway going to riverside works. Part of the surrounding site was a brick works.
Station Approach
Grays Station. Original intermediate station of London Tilbury and Southend line of 1854.  Roman remains may have been found when the stationmaster's house was built.

Thames Road
The Beach. This was first put forward as a possible feature for the town in 1902 as part of the Grays Coronation Committee suggestions for the coronation of Edward VII and that money should be raised for a public baths. Land was acquired on the riverside following this suggestion but there was some local dissent. The committee recommended a scheme which included fencing, an open air swimming pool and lake plus a children’s cricket ground, bowling green and for other games as well as trees, shrubs, seats, a shelter, a store and WCs. In addition there would be a memorial fountain.  Work began on digging the lake and putting up fences. It opened in 1905 with a big ceremony. By 1912 the pond was open daily for swimming. The beach was covered in sand brought in from Great Yarmouth. The fountain was vandalised and removed by the Council for safety. In 1999 the pond was filled in with sand and new playground equipment was added.
Kilvert's Field. This was at the south end of Sherfield Road and was also known as Fishers Field,
Co-op’s coal yard, this was behind their bakery. It received coal once a month from a collier ship.
Exmouth Swimming Pool. This had been the pool for Training Ship Shaftsbury and open to the public at certain times and days. This swimming pool was originally to provide formal swimming training for boys on the training ships. It was accessed via a slipway from the swimming pool. It was repaired in 1907 when it was transferred to Exmouth, as was the swimming pool - although it was thought it could be turning it into a rifle range but it remained as a pool
Kilvert's Wharf. Thurrock Yacht Club. The club was begun in 1946 and has been active ever since. The current clubhouse dates from 1973. Previously the clubhouse had been an 18th lightship called "The Gull". This was uneconomic to repair and its light mast was saved and is now at the top of the slipway.



Town Wharf.
This dates back the middle ages and was closely linked to the Lord of the Manor who also leased the rights to the ferry and to wharfage dues. The earliest reference to Grays Wharf is a complaint by the Prior of the Hospital of Jerusalem against unreasonable access and tolls by Richard de Gray, Lord of the Manor in 1228. Gray first purchased the manor of 'Thurrock' in 1195, from Isaac, a Jew. Their surname was later adapted in to the name of the parish, Grays Thurrock. A public right of way exists to one side of Grays Wharf allowing pedestrian access to the river front/

Training ships
Goliath. From 1870-75, the Forest Gate School District had a ship called the Goliath moored here, It provided boys from all London's Poor Law authorities with training to help them enter the Royal or Merchant Navy. The ship was destroyed by fire in 1875 with the loss of twenty-three lives
Exmouth. In 1877 The Exmouth took over from Goliath managed by the Metropolitan Asylums Board. Exmouth was an old wooden two-decker line-of-battleship, built in 1854. In 1903, the ship's hull was condemned. A replacement built of iron and steel, was commissioned from the Vickers in Barrow-in-Furness. It was inaugurated at Grays in 1905 where there were also on shore facilities
Training Ship Shaftesbury was established in 1878 by the London School Board, as a good way of dealing with problem boys. They bought the former P&O Nubia to be renamed Shaftesbury. She was moored near Exmouth. Boys were taught seamanship in addition to ordinary lessons. There was a major incident when she broke away from her moorings in a storm and then moved to Greenhithe. 1904, when the London School Board was closed and the ship needed extensive repairs, she was closed along with the school in 1905.

Vicarage Square
Site of the Exmouth Infirmary, which fronted onto West Street

West Street
The original market was at the south end, at right angles to the street. The west part of this had the market house or town hall. The market house was rebuilt in 1774 and it was a two storey building, on columns, with open ground floor and court house above. It later became a Congregational church but was demolished in 1824
T.S. Exmouth Infirmary. In 1907 the Metropolitan Asylums Board bought the Shaftesbury's Infirmary from the London County Council. The existing Infirmary moved here with 34 beds. In 1930 the London County Council took over control of the Training Ship. In the Second World War the cadets and crew were evacuated to Burnham on Crouch and the Exmouth was requisitioned by the Admiralty for use as a depot ship. The area has been completely redeveloped and nothing remains of the Infirmary

Sources
Baldwin. The River and the Downs
Banbury. Shipbuilders of the Thames and Medway
British History online. Grays. Web site
Children’s Homes. Web site.
Cinema Treasures, Web site
Down-London Tilbury Southend,
Grays Athletic. Web site
Peaty. Brewery Railways
Pevsner and Cherry. Essex
Port of London Magazine
Seabrook Family. Web site
Thurrock Council. Web site
Thurrock History. Web site
Thurrock Yacht Club. Web site
Tucker. Ferries of the Lower Thames
Walford. Village London
Workhouses. Web site

Riverside - north end of Tilbury Docks

$
0
0
Riverside north of the river and east of the tower
Northern Tilbury Dock.
TQ 63527 75766

This post only covers sites north of the Thames

Part of Tilbury Docks including the grain termimal and various associated milling businesses and other activities

Post to the south Tilbury Ness

Tilbury Dock
Extension dock. This square only covers the northern part of the 1960s extension dock. This was built between 1963–1966 running north from Main Dock for nearly a mile.  The main contractors were Howard and Mowlem
Pluto. The site of the dock extension is said to have been where Pluto was assembled. This Pipe Line Under the Ocean was for pumping fuel oils from England to France, post D-Day 1944. It was assembled, welded and wound on to floating bobbins, called Conundrum, which were launched here.
Rail links. Internal dock rail lines run from a junction with the main line railway to the north east and travelled round the extension dock,
Grain Terminal. This was built in 1969 on the riverside and was at the time the largest in Europe. It can handle just under a million and a half tonnes a year serving both exports and imports to local and regional flour mills. It is supported by a state-of-the-art computerized operation and high-speed loading facilities. It is approved for handling organic products by the Organic Food Federation and has storage for 120 million tons with more than 200 separate silos.
Grain Terminal jetty.
Allied Mills. Sunblest Mill provides flour to Allied bakeries
Thames Flour Mills. Operated by Rank Hovis

Sources
Port of London Authority. Web site
Port of London. Magazine
Port Cities. Web site
Tilbury Docks. Wikipedia Web site
World Port Source. Web site

Riverside - north of the river and east of the Tower. Tilbury Ness

$
0
0
Riverside north of the river and east of the Tower
TQ 6262875414

Dock entrance area and surrounding parts of the dock. Plus a riverside warning beacon

Post to the north - Tlibury Dock, north end
Post to the east Tilbury Docks

Thames
This stretch of river is Northfleet Hope

Tilbury Docks
Dock Entrance.  This was built in 1929 and supplemented the original entrance to the east. It was the largest dock entrance in the Port of London at 1.000 feet long. It is now the only entrance tithe dock.  It had a double leaf rolling lift bridge and a lock. The new locks allowed Tilbury to take the "Panamax" ships coming into use then - Panamax means the largest ships able to get through the Panama Canal. It now has a moveable flood barrier.
Moles– there are concrete ‘moles’ either side of the entrance.  They are breakwaters to stop damage to the container port
Cargo Jetty. This is 1,000 feet long and dates from 1926. It is a double-decked structure  In 1956 equipment was installed so that ships could pause at the jetty to discharge natural rubber latex by a 325-foot pipe-line to seven storage tanks. The jetty keeps clean because of scour and thus saves dredging costs. 
London Container Terminal.  This is an 84 acre site with two Riverside Berths and an enclosed dock berth. It includes Northfleet Hope House. It dates from 1978 and was financed by the Port of London Authority and the shipping line ACTA. It has a 1,000-feet-long riverside berth built on reclaimed land built to handle refrigerated cargoes.


Tilbury Ness
Gibbets – it is possible that this is where dead pirates were gibbeted
Beacon. Northfleet Hope Traffic Warning Light is at the eastern end of Tilbury Cargo Jetty in position. It is activated by London VTS to warn river traffic approaching Tilburyness from the east of vessels at Tilbury Dock Lock. Tilburyness Light was first set up in 1859: It was removed in 1931 and replaced by a light on a diamond shape

Sources
Bird. Geography of the Port of London.
London Container Terminal. Web site
Port Cities. Web site
Port of London Authority. Web site
Port of London. Magazine.
Thurrock Council. Web site
Where Thames Smooth Waters Run. Web site

Riverside - north bank east of the Tower. Tilbury Docks

$
0
0

Riverside north bank east of the Tower. Tilbury Docks.

The main part of this extensive dock complex

Post to the west Tilbury Ness

Tilbury docks
Tilbury Docks were opened in 1886 by the East and West India Dock Company. Because of the distance into London they were designed for rail transit and there were no warehouses and, until 1939, few roads. Navigation was also difficult because of river conditions.  Construction was also difficult because of the strata of mud and clay and a resulting change of contractor and litigation increased costs and there was a difficulty in erecting heavy buildings. Warehousing facilities were provided in London at the Commercial Road Depot.  The docks consisted of the three branch docks set diagonally because of the line of the railway, there was also a tidal basin. The design of the basin was a mistake giving an entrance to the docks away from the tidal stream of the river. The Branch Docks were too narrow and could not be expanded. It was expected rail transport would provide advantages but the free water clause meant that more goods were transported by barge. An increase in road transport was achieved by a change in dock lay-out and after 1939 over a mile of road was laid, quays, loading banks, were widened, and outbuildings provided with parking spaces. The dock was not seriously damaged during the war and it maybe that the enemy intended to use it as a major pier head for invasion. In the 1960s as closure of upstream docks was considered the Port of London Authority extended Tilbury dock so a fourth branch dock, was built and the tidal basin was closed.  By the early 1980s Tilbury was the last set of enclosed docks under the Authority. A new container port was also built. In 1992 the port was privatised and is now part of Forth Ports. It handles a variety of bulk cargo, timber, cars and containers.
Centre Branch Dock. This is marked on some maps as ‘Cement Terminal and a cement company is based there for the area
Coaling Jetty. This was built at the same time as the original dock with hydraulic cranes for discharging steam colliers into barges or railway trucks.  It was constructed by Sir W. G. Armstrong, Mitchell and Co.
Dry docks. Originally two dry docks were built between the Tidal Basin and Main Dock. One of these is marked as ‘wet dock’ on some maps,
Dry dock. A new dry dock on the south side was built in 1928. At 750 feet long it was the largest in the port.
East Branch Dock. This is one of the branch docks and now marked as ‘metal terminal’.  Some berths in this and adjoining branches are operated by scrap metal merchants.
Hotel. This was built in 1886 for people using liners from Tilbury. It was meant to bring late-19th opulence here. It hotel closed after a year and was destroyed in bombing in 1944.It was on the riverside south east of the Tidal Basin.
Main Dock. Three berths here dealt with the largest vessels using the port.  After the Second World War the increase in the size of liners made it important to make changes. The berths were used by P. & 0. and Orient Lines and vessels on the Australia run. A new berth 842 feet long was built with a T-shaped transit shed
Rail links. The docks were intended to be based on rail freight and for goods to be taken to London for warehousing. There was an existing line to the area built in 1854 by the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway and junction were made with this line.  A line ran round the Tidal Basin as well as to a station to serve the hotel and landing stage.  There were tracks on the jetties which ran between the branch docks – for example between the Centre and East Branch Docks, there was no road, but five rail tracks. These links have all now been removed.
Tidal Basin. The original entrance to the docks was via a 19 acre tidal basin. It was however found that it was subject to silting and needed regular dredging.  From 1927 to 1932 a cross-Channel service. Tilbury to Dunkirk was run from here and a station was built to service it. The basin was eventually closed and filled in.
Tilbury Marine Station. This was situated at the south west side of the Tidal Basin at what became berth 29.  It had initially been for the hotel but later was refurbished in conjunction with London, Midland and Scottish railway for the Dunkirk service. After Tilbury Riverside opened in 1930 it was closed and he service to Dunkirk ceased in 1932.
West Branch Dock. On recent maps his is marked as ‘Aggregate terminal”


Sources
Bird. Geography of the Port of London
Disused Stations. Web site

Marden. London Dock Railways
Port Cites. Web site
Port of London Authority. Web site
Where Thames Smooth Water Glide. Web site
Wikipedia. Tilbury. Web site

Riverside -north bank, east of the Tower. Tilbury Riverside

$
0
0

Riverside – north bank and east of the Tower. Tilbury Riverside

Ever changing riverside area full of rail lines, port passenger facilities  as well as riverside utilities and a pub - and the ancient, and still working, short ferry.

Post to the west Tilbury Docks
Post to the east Tilbury Fort

Dock Road
The south side consists of a number of light industrial units, some of which are in involved in the old fridge disposal trade.

Dry Dock.
This is one of the original dry docks dating from when the docks were first built. The south eastern end is in the square.
Ross Revenge. This ex-trawler and salvage ship was used to broadcast Radio Caroline between 1983 and 1991, replacing previous vessels. She was moored here until 2014 but has now been moved

Ferry Causeway
This is shown on maps from the 1880s as being on the riverside at the World’s End.  It is said to have been used for cattle
Worlds End Wharf. The causeway is marked as this on 1950s maps. There is said to have been a bench mark on the wharf wall, which has now been destroyed.
Tilbury Signal Station. This was also called the Collier Signal Station. It was used to control colliers entering the Port and waiting for berths. The Coal Factors' Society established an office in Gravesend in the 1840s which was then transferred across the river.  It stood on the World's End Causeway but in the 1940w was moved closer to Tilbury Fort. It identified colliers, and instructed them about berths through a loud hailer system. It closed in 1977.

Ferry Road
Ferry Road runs between fences with the dock on one side and the railway on the other. It’s alignment has changed throughout the 20th and more recently with changes to rail layouts and
closure and demolition of surrounding roads and buildings
Hairpin Bridge. This road bridge crossed from Tilbury Town to Ferry Road and the dock estate going over the rail lines. It had been built in the 1860s and by the 1980s was thought unsafe for traffic and was only used by pedestrians. There is now a pedestrian only modern bridge on site
Marsh Farm– this is shown on maps before the construction of the docks. It is not, of course, an uncommon name.
Seamen’s Club. This was on the corner with Queen Elizabeth Place, there was another club on the opposite side of the road
Tilbury Hospital. Tilbury Docks were built on a site of mostly uninhabited marshland.  The town grew with construction and dock workers and their families but Tilbury had no hospital.  From 1882 efforts by Friendly Societies and others were made to establish a hospital and eventually funding was obtained from John Passmore Edwards.  Land opposite the dock gates, was provided by the Tilbury Dock Company and The Tilbury Cottage Hospital opened in 1896 with 8 beds.  In 1901 it was enlarged but something more was needed. In 1923 the Seamen's Hospital Society, agreed to take it over and a new medical facilities were added. Mr Singhanee, from India endowed award for Indian seamen. The new hospital opened in 1924 and by 1925 there were 94 beds, an Out-Patients Department and a nurses' home. It joined the NHS in 1948 and in 1969 it closed and all services transferred to the Orsett Hospital. The Hospital has been completely demolished and the site is now part of the Tilbury freight depot
Tilbury Laundry. This opened around 1905 and was on the west side of the road south of the hospital. It supplies clean laundry to passenger liners.
Thames Church Mission. The earliest organisation to come to Tilbury with a social mission to seamen in 1885.The building was used in the Second World War by the Red Cross in connection with American troops.
Basin Tavern. This was a public house built on the lines of a mansion. It appears to have been inside the dock estate to the west of the railway lines and to originally been called the ‘Basin Canteen’. It was owned by Truman, Hanbury, Buxton and Co. and was presumably demolished following dock extensions.
Tilbury Dock Board of Trade office. This was on a side slip road to Ferry Road
British Rail Staff Association club room. Tilbury Dock Board of Trade office. This was on a side slip road to Ferry Road and apparently known as the ‘bomb crater’.
Indian and Pakistani Seaman's Mission

Ferry.
The short ferry between Milton and Tilbury is very ancient and almost certainly predates Domesday. It is at the point where the river is narrowest and easily defended. Records can be traced to the 14th. In the 14th and 15th there were structures to guard the ferry and eventually permanent blockhouses. It was then only accessible via the fort and very useful to the military. Gravesend Corporation owned the rights to the ferry from 1694 but on the north side it was administered by the Governor of the Fort. I 1851 it was eventually leased to Gravesend Corporation and later to the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway in 1856. The railway then was built to the riverside. In 1855 the service began with paddle steamers, first called The Tilbury but changed to Sir Walter Raleigh, along with the Earl of Essex and the Earl of Leicester.  Goods were towed behind the ferry in barges from the Worlds End. Once the docks were being built the ferry became very busy.  The boats were replaced and by 1900 there were four ferries– Carlotta, Rose, Catherine and Gertrude from 1906. Edith joined them in 1911. In 1923 car ferries were added - Tessa ad Minnie. In the Second World War it kept running though lights were not allowed despite the fog. The ferries continued after the War, and there was no electric light until1969. It was not improved, despite recommendations, because of the proposed building of the Dartford Tunnel. In 1960 three new vessels were built which were diesel powered but the vehicle ferry closed in 1963 when the tunnel opened. By 1973 it was running at a deficit and suspended. No government subsidy was forthcoming. The service was cut down despite a need for it for those without vehicles but with jobs across the river. In 1985 – by 2whih time only dith2 was running – it was put up for sale. It was sold to White Horse Ferries who ceased to run it in 2000. It was then taken over by the Lower Thames and Medway Passenger Boat Co and is subsidised by Kent and Essex Councils


Fort Road
Arrol Bridge. This crossed the rail lines and was cleared following the building of the Fortress Distribution Centre. It was built as part of the landing stage by Sir William Arrol & Co.
Fortress Distribution Park
London Cruise Terminal, Leslie Ford House. This handles cruises by the Marco Polo.
Landing Stage. After the First World the Port of London Authority and the Midland Railway Company promoted a Parliamentary Bill to build a passenger landing stage here, Work started in 1926.  The design by Sir Edwin Cooper incorporated a floating platform secured to the riverbank by hinged steel booms, which rose and fell 21 ft. with the tide. Construction was by the Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Co. 842 ft. of it was for the liners and 300 ft. for ferries. Five bridges connected it to the station. In 1995 the landing stage was formally re-opened and more recently the restaurant pub attached to the station has been refurbished as the Tilbury Riverside Activity & Arts Centre
Tilbury Riverside Activity Arts Centre. This is in part of the old landing stage area.
Baggage hall. This was designed by Sir Edwin Cooper. With huge spaces and a cupola, which has recently been restored.
Tilbury Riverside station was built by the London Tilbury & Southend Railway in 1854 and called Tilbury Fort Station. It was rebuilt with the new landings stage with a weather vane and a clock, a brick ticket office built of brick and refreshment area and bar. In 1981 British Rail ended through trains to Southend and the station closed in 1992.


Hume Avenue
This was once called Old Manor Road
Tilbury Hammers Cycle Speedway. The original track had loco sheds on one side and pig stys on the other side. This was operational in the 1940s.

Pontoon Bridge.
Pontoon Bridge.  During the Great War there was a pontoon bridge built across the River between Tilbury and Gravesend, which was there 1915-1918. It appears to have gone from a place between the 'Worlds End' and Tilbury fort entrance.  It was floated on 67 lighters and was two carriageways wide – and access to it would be dependent on the state of the tide. It was built to allow troops to move between Kent and Essex and had an 800 feet section which could be opened to allow shipping through. It was manned and maintained by the Port of London Authority. It was the first structure ever built east of the City of London which bridged the Thames.


Queen Elizabeth Place
Houses. This was a circular road around houses which were let to the dock police force. Between numbers 4 & 6 there was a fire station which later became the PLA ambulance station
Rail line 
The line ran south to Tilbury Riverside Station from Tilbury Town and then returned in a loop running North West to continue to Southend. Other lines ran into the dock estate to the west.
Engine shed. This lay on the north west loop south of dock road.
Rail freight sidings. This lay east of the line to Riverside Station. This is now partly the site of Tilbury Railport.
Tidal Basin Junction. This rail junction marked the interchange with Port of London property.
Tilbury south junction
Station Master's house, this was within the sidings area at Tilbury Riverside station. It was demolished in the late 1970s or early 1980s
Railway cottages.These were in the ‘V of the rail lines near present business centre and were surrounded by the rail lines into Tilbury Riverside station - the line to Fenchurch Street and the loop to Southend. They were alongside the engine sheds and had been built around the 1860s. They were demolished in the 1970s.  This area is now storage and parking for motor vehicles,
Gas works. This is shown to the north of the cottages in the 1890s. It may be one of four small works taken over by the Grays Gas Co. before the Great War.
Saltings.
The riverside area east of the present landing and jetty station were saltings until late 19th building
Tilbury Fort
The square covers some of the water areas surrounding the fort
Tilbury Gardens
This area had housing for dock officials which remained until demolished for the car park.
World's End Pub
World's End. There was a tavern here or nearby in the 17th which was later recorded by Pepys.  Pocock records in 1797 that the Governor of Tilbury Fort built ‘for the greater convenience of passengers a public house’.
Market. This was to the north of the building. It was an agricultural market set up in the 1840s William Creed, the pub landlord.
Amusements. By the mid 20th the market site had become a putting green. The moat of the fort was used as a boating lake and swimming pool.
The Belgium Re-mount Depot. This was established next to the pub in the Great War and prepared horses for army use
Block of stone for the landing stage, or a mounting block outside the pub


Sources
Bench Mark Database. Web site
Lost Hospitals of London, Web site
National Maritime Museum. Web site
SABRE. Web site
Thurrock Council. Web site
Tilbury and Chadwell Memories. Web site
Tucker. Ferries of the Lower Thames

Riverside - north bank, east of the Tower. Tilbury Fort

$
0
0
Riverside. The north bank east of the tower. Tilbury Fort

The area dominated by this massive river defence structure

Post to the west Tilbury Riverside

Bill Meroy Creek
Bill Meroy Creek flows into the Thames to the east of Tilbury Fort and from 1851 was the eastern boundary of the City of London coal tax area. It is named from William Millroy an 18th farmer. It is marked on some maps as Ordnance Creek.

Fort Road
Tilbury Fort. Some kind of fortification is mentioned as early as 1402, and there had been warning beacons in this area from the 13th. Under Henry VIII there was a national scheme for erecting defence structured. Thus the first blockhouse was built at Tilbury in 1539, one of five defending the Thames. It was D shaped, with two storeys and had guns mounted on the roof.  There were also guns on the riverbank.  At the time of the Spanish Armada the blockhouse it was strengthened very quickly by the famous engineer Federigo Gianibelli and a star shaped rampart and ditch were built to its rear. It was however not finished before the Armada had been defeated in 1588. Elizabeth assembled her forces and addressed them to the north east of here. After the Dutch fleet raided the Medway in 1667 more work was done on the Tilbury block house and a new fort was built here as part of new national defences.  It was built 1661-65 by a Dutch engineer Bernard de Gomme. Its complex design was to ensure that all ground around it was covered by sights and it was surrounded with angular outworks and trenches –protection by a series of moats and ditches with drawbridges between them. If circumstances warranted the garrison could flood the whole surrounding level, to increase the strength of their defences or it could be drained should it become frozen over. At this time the riverside gateway was built with its designs of trophies. In 1716 two magazines were added. It then served as a transit camp – and was a very unhealthy site. In 1776 two people were killed here at a cricket match between Kent and Essex.  There was also a need for mole catchers. The fort was remodeled on 1868 with new gun emplacements, and the demolition of the Tudor blockhouse. It was part of a complicated system of Thames defences with many other forts and gun sites. In 1915 a Zeppelin was shot down from here.  The fort was however gradually superseded and is now a heritage site said to be the best example of an early modern bastioned fort in Britain.
West Lea Chapel. The site of the fort is said to have been that of a chapel called West Lea Chapel founded by one of the De Tilbury family. It was later dedicated to St Mary Magdalene and it was demolished when the fort was built.
Tilbury Sewage Works, secondary treatment plant. Owned by Anglian Water. It uses the deep shaft method of treatment in which it was a pioneer and, in 1986, was the world’s largest. The works dates from before 1900
Tunnel. In 1796 a tunnel was proposed between Gravesend and Tilbury by Ralph Dodd. The scheme failed but the site is said to have been east f the fort.


Sources
Anglia Water. Web site
Bill Meroy Creek. Wikipedia, Web site
Parliamentary Gazetteer 1843.
Smith. Defending London’s River
Williams. Stronghold Britain

Riverside - north bank, east of the Tower. Tilbury Power Station

$
0
0
Riverside north of the river and east of the Tower. Tilbury Power Station

An area dominated by the now defunct power stations

Post to the west Tilbury Fort

Fort Road
Tilbury Power station. This was first opened in 1958 by Col. Whitmore. There were two power stations here.
Tilbury A Power Station opened in the 1950s and was closed in 1981. The station generated enough current for 80% of the population of Essex.  It was originally commissioned by the Central Electricity Generating Board. It was part demolished in 1999 the only remains being listed parts of the building
Tilbury B Power Station. Generating 1,428 MW it opened in 1967 and has used coal, oil and biomass. It was built by the Central Electricity Generating Board and, until 2011, operated as a coal-fired power station with the capacity to generate 1,131MW of electricity for the National Grid. It was privatised in 1990 and given to National Power. It is now operated by RWE npower.  Cooling water is drawn from the Thames and the station connects to the National Grid through a 275 kV substation.  In 2011 it was converted to burn biomass only using wood pellets imported from America to make it the biggest biomass generating site in the world. The converted plant re-opened in 2012 and ran on biomass. Operation of the plant on biomass rather than coal resulted in greenhouse gas savings in excess of 70%.  This has now been stopped because of finance problems and it closed in 2013 under the Large Combustion Plant Directive
The jetty was enlarged in 2004 to take carrying up to 65,000 tons of coal.

River bank
Strengthened with debris from Tower Hill underground

Sources
CEGB Tilbury Power station. leaflet
RWE npower. Web site
Tilbury Power Station. Wikipedia, Web site

Riverside - south of the river and east of the Tower. Denton

$
0
0

Riverside – south bank, east of the Tower.  Denton

A scruffy but interesting area down river of Gravesend.  The mighty Port of London Authority moved here to a portacabin from their palatial headquarters on Tower Hill, and Dickens knew the Ship and Lobster  - you can't beat it.

Post to the north Tilbury Power Station

Canal
Thames and Medway Canal. The canal now effectively starts at Mark Lane where restoration work by a local group starts. It was opened between Gravesend and Higham in 1801 and continued in use until 1934. The area between Mark Lane and the basin were later infilled. The Sustrans Cycle Route No.1 now runs along the tow-path. An entry ramp has been built near Mark Lane by the volunteer group working on the canal and other improvements are planned.
Denton Wharf
Marine House. This is now the Port of London Authority offices
Port of London Authority. Marine Services’ base for their fleet of 40 vessels and as well as buoys, lights, mooring and counter-pollution equipment and a centre for and salvage. There is a 40-tonne heavy-lift crane and a 50-tonne mobile crane, and a 70-tonne capacity boat-lift.
Port Health Authority offices. This relates to the now closed isolation hospital the sire of which is nearby.  A team is available 24 hours a day to board ships and aircraft and can implement control plans and emergency measures.  There are also Port Health Inspectors, all qualified environmental health officers, who inspect ships and aircraft.  The Authority owns two launches and three rigid inflatable boats. All ships arriving from a foreign port must possess a Ship Sanitation Control Certificate. 
Shornmead Lighthouse. This was built on the foreshore at Shornemead in 1913 and removed to Denton Wharf in 2003. It is a hexagonal skeletal tower, with lantern and gallery, originally on timber pilings.
Denton Wharf and the surrounding area are also the sites of numerous businesses – scrap, haulage and aggregates.
Mark Lane
Denton Halt. This station was opened in 1906 and was renamed Denton Road in 1914, reverting to Denton Halt in 1919. It remained open until the withdrawal of the passenger service to Allhallows in 1961.
Denton Crossing signal box. This ceased to control the trains from 1971 and only covered the level crossing. The crossing was later closed and replaced by a footbridge.
Swing bridge. This crossed the canal until at least the 1920s
Underground roads.  There are stories of underground passages all round Gravesend and Northfleet. One is said to have run from Cobham Hall to the river bank near the Ship and Lobster. It is assumed that they were to do with smuggling, if they existed.
Smock windmill. This was built by Nicholas Gilbee on the waterside at the end of Mark Lane around 1790, apparently with a wharf. Gilbee was a local land owner who financed a number of local projects among other activities in the town. Presumably this is the mill mentioned as a ‘sulphur’ mill, which may have a connection with gunpowder manufacture and which would not have been unusual on a waterside site in this period. It is later marked on maps as a corn mill. It was pulled down towards the end of the 19th.
Port of London Authority Sanitary Hospital. Before 1872, ships entering British ports were held in quarantine until they had been inspected and cleared. The Public Health Act enabled Port Sanitary Authorities to be set up and in 1883 the Corporation built an isolation hospital here. Quarantine continued until 1889, medical officers had authority to board and inspect the crews and passengers.  Any person with an infectious disease was taken by launch to Denton. The hulk Hygeia, moored off Gravesend since 1922, was used as a quarantine station and a base for medical officers. During the 1930s the Hospital was enlarged.  In the Second World War the hospital was bombed and closed for bed cases and in 1942 the Admiralty requisitioned it for treatment of venereal disease and parasitic infections. It reopened in 1947 and joined the NHS in 1948.  It closed in 1976.  Services moved to Joyce Green Hospital. The site is somewhat derelict but one of the buildings is in use as the Denton Quarantine Station and other buildings remain. The pier is no longer used.
Sewage works. Part of the sewage works in this square. It was built in 1926 & extended in 1933.
Woodville Cottages. These were built in 1883, but all except three have been demolished.
Cornwall Lodge. This was the hospital school and lodge of the Training Ship Cornwall and was immediately to the south west of the railway crossing. Cornwall was a boys' reformatory and training ship. The institution was based off Grays but in 1926, following being adrift in a storm, it moved to Denton.  Here most activities took place on shore, the old ship only used for seamanship practice. At the start of the Second World War the boys were moved away to Brandon and the ship was eventually bombed and broken up.
Mark Lane Youth Club. This appears to be no longer there.
Boat House. This was a shed which was the last of its kind on the Lower Thames and probably used for repairing timber boats. It dated from after 1897 but before 1932 with a jetty down to low water. Demolished.
Ship and Lobster. Riverside pun with a reputation as a smugglers pub.  I was first built in 1813 and was rebuilt in 1890. Charles Dickens, used the pub as the basis for the inn he described in Great Expectations, which he called “The Ship”.
There were and are a number of works along Mark Lane, including some for marine engineering.
Norfolk Road
Bridge between here and Mark Lane.
The road is lined with various industrial and other units – largely haulage and scrap with some others,
Railway
This stretch of line is on that of the Gravesend and Rochester Railway of 1845, and taken over in the same year by the South Eastern Railway. They had taken over the canal and built the railway alongside it.

Wharf Road
The road is lined with various industrial and other units – largely haulage and scrap with some others,

Sources
Carradice. Nautical Training Ships.

Gravesend Railway Enthusiasts. Web site
Gravesend Historical Society. Transactions
Higham Village History Web site

Kent Rail. Web site
Lighthouses of South East England. Web site
Lost Hospitals of London. Web site
Philip. History of Gravesend
Port of London Authority. Web site
Thames and Medway Canal Association. Web site

Riverside - south bank east of the Tower. Milton

$
0
0
Riverside south of the river and east of the Tower. Milton

Complex riverside area with major defence installations in front of a busy and aspirational town centre. Plus a phenomenal number of pubs

Post to the east Denton
Post to the north Tilbury Fort


Albion Parade
This is a track running parallel to the river with sheds and works on both sides. It is also the address of the canal marina and some other organisations fronting onto Canal Basin.  It was named as the approach road to Albion Baths.
Albion Baths. These were built by James Roper in 1835. They used what he said was sea water and Roper died a year later and they were sold to Harwood & Co.   There were vapour baths and showers and a saloon with the papers and a promenade. They later changed hands again while the area became more and more filled with smelly and dirty industry. They closed in the 1870s and were sold and for many years lay as a ‘muddy pool’.  A house ‘The bath house’ remained into the 1930s as did the attaché pub.
Albion Ale Shades. This pub dated from 1869, and had been the beer house attached to the Albion Baths which took on a licence when they closed. It was rebuilt in 1910 and closed in 1962. It was demolished following a fire in 1965. It was a Woods Brewery house.
4 Feabrex Factory. Engineers and Steel fabricators
E.H.Sandford. Lock Entrance Works. Engineers and lifting equipment. The company is said to date to before 1877
Robert L. Priestly, Engineers, dated from the 1870s and were still in business here in the 1970s. They were boiler makers, marine and general engineers, shipbuilder and ships’" smiths as well as undertaking fine metalwork and castings. At Albion Parade their site was known as Milton Ironworks but by the 1970s they were at Denton Works in Mark Lane.  Later they were making tunnel boring machines - including that for an initial attempt at the channel tunnel. They then closed their Gravesend works. They appear to have become part of Nuttalls.
Barton’s Timber Wharf. This was here from at least the 1930s and has recently been the site of an, failed, exercise to recover the body of an airman who crashed here during the Second World War.
Howlett Barges. Howlett owned and managed a barge fleet here from at least the 1840s
Henry and Arthur Huggens, Soap works. This was present in the 1860s.

Albion Road
This is a road of fine middle class houses built before 1870, but which had become housing of very poor quality by the late 20th.
7 Albion Tavern. This is now a house but was a pub 1839-1939. It is a double fronted detached house in a different style from the rest of the road.

Albion Terrace
1-9 Phoenix Tavern. This pub was established by 1841. It was rebuilt in 1965 and closed in around 2001. The premises are now in use as a cultural centre


Augustine Road
11-12 Trafalgar Shades.  Pub present in 1866 and closed in 1959. It has since been demolished.

Bentley Street
12-13 Half Moon. This pub was present by 1834 and closed in 1935. Now demolished
36 Milton Arms. The pub appears to have been present in the late 19th. It had gone by the 1930s.
Pilots Place. Modern retirement homes.
St. Thomas cottages
Library cottage


Berkeley Crescent,
Only bit left of grand scheme of a north south axis from Terrace to Windmill Hill.  This was undertaken by Architect Amon Henry Wilds in the late 1830s as part of what was seen as the Milton Park Estate. Another crescent opposite was never undertaken and shops have replaced the original houses.  Fifty years later the Jubilee Clock Tower was added. Over the years the colonnades of Berkley Crescent had disappeared but they have now been restored as have the street-lamps which marked the four corners of the former island. There were originally shrubs and the last of the acacia trees survived until 1968, these too have been replaced.
Nottons. This shop in Berkeley Crescent was well known for supplying school uniforms throughout the town. They dated from 1834 and moved to this site in 1888. From 1920 it belonged to members of the Mole family and was eventually sold in 1983.
Clock Tower.  The clock tower was erected to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria In 1887 although the chimes presented by Alfred Tolhurst were not completed until February 1890. The architect was John Johnson, who was also responsible for some of the buildings in The Grove. It has been said that the clock and chimes came from the Rosherville Gardens tower, but reports at the time note the clockmakers as Smith and Son of Derby, and the bells cast by Warner and Co. of Cripplegate. Johnson provided a very similar clock tower at Surbiton, and probably elsewhere.


Canal Basin
Thames and Medway Canalthis was conceived as a way of barges going from the Thames to the Medway without sailing round the Isle of Grain. It was built under an Act of 1800 with a two mile tunnel between Higham and Strood having been promoted and designed by Ralph Dodd. It was opened at Gravesend in 1824.  The basin is said to have a paved floor and except for a small section of brick walling the basin was simply dug out of the chalk and had no brick or masonry walls. There were many problems and Ralph Walker took over as engineer. As it failed to prosper the Gravesend and Rochester Railway and Canal Company was formed in 1844 and a single-track line alongside the canal was opened in 1845. The company and the line then taken over by the South Eastern Rail Company but the stretch between Gravesend and Higham remained in water with he railway alongside. The last barge used it in 1920 and in 1935 it was closed although the basin which was taken over by Gravesend Council in 1972 for a marina and the canal was filled in between the basin and Mark Lane. There is also some modern work at various points in the basin.
The Embankment Marina - now in the canal basin
Lock from the river. The Thames frontage has curved sea walls leading directly into the barreled lock chamber. On the north west side wall are Roman numerals to indicate the water depth. The lock gates are of cast-iron. There is also some 20th concrete and sheet piling work. The northern gates were blown off in the Second World War and not replaced. To the south are two panelled 20th wooden gates with a cast-iron walkway. The gates are operated by four winches with mechanism in cast-iron housing.
Lock into the canal. There was once a lock between the basin and the canal. Thus the eastern side of the basin is curved and has curved stone slots and cast iron remains of the opening mechanism. The remains of this lock have been round under a car park.
Swing bridge. This is of cast-iron and has a flat arch and a handrail, operated by a circular winch on a three-legged pedestal.
Gravesend Station. In 1845 the Gravesend and Rochester Railway opened a station here. It appears to have been near or on the, now vanished, lock between the basin and the rest of the canal. This was soon superseded when the line was taken over by the South Eastern Railway and this stretch of line taken out of use when the line from the new Gravesend Central Station joined it at Denton in 1849.
Round Tree. This stood at the north-west corner of the canal basin and was marked the seaward limit for the City Corporation coal dues. It was damaged by gun practice, set on fire and then blown down in 1825. It was then replaced by an obelisk which was re-erected in 1893 at the entrance to the Gordon Memorial Gardens.
Blockhouse. A block house was built here under Henry VIII around 1540. It was demolished in 1558.  The site was on the corner of the canal basin and brickwork found under the site of the Round Tree may have been from it. It had 12 men and a captain with 30 artillery pieces.  It was probably a two-storey, D-shaped building similar to that at Tilbury. It was probably designed by Richard Lee.
Cottage.This had as a roof the upturned hull of a boat and stood opposite the gas works. It was said to be the inspiration of Peggotty’s house in Dickens’ David Copperfield. It was demolished in 1942.
Steam corn mill. This was built here in 1830 by James Roper who later used his engine to pump water from the canal into what became the Albion Baths. It was sold with the baths at his death and continued to change hands with them.

Canal Road
Part of this road was previously Gas Works Road
1 The Canal Tavern. Said to be established before 1817.
Engineer's Arms. This pub was there between 1862 and 1900.
North Star Tavern .The North Star was present from 1853 to 1862.
Gravesend & Milton Gas Light Co. This was on the south side of the canal and had moved here from Bath Street in 1843. Gas manufacture ended in 1958, and the works were demolished, leaving only the gas-holders.
Borough Electricity Works. The local electricity undertaking began in 1900 by Gravesend Corporation, initially for the trams. It was nationalised in 1948 and closed in 1970.
Central Electricity Generating Board Laboratory. This was built on the filled in section of the canal at the east end of the canal basin. It included the Central Radiochemical Laboratory. It has since been demolished
Nuclear Electric Laboratories. Since demolished. Responsible for commercial nuclear generation.

Commercial Place
Milton Chantry. This is the remains of a leper hospital founded by Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, about 1322 on the site of a foundation of 1189. It was supported by lands in Nevendon, Vange and South Benfleet, all in Essex.  One wall is flint and the rest was covered in brown brick in the 19th by the military. A timber-framed building runs out at right angles from the south wall of the actual chantry. This was the priests' house which includes part of an aisled hall plus a queen post roof. It became a house at the Reformation and then the Zoar Ale House in the18th called the New Tavern. It was later a barracks, and was sold to Gravesend Council by the War Department in 1930. In the Second World War part of the building was used as a gas decontamination chamber. Gravesend Sea Cadets were formed here in 1942 as HMS Gordon. It was restored in the 19th and recently. It is the oldest building in Gravesend and is now the Chantry Heritage Centre
Wates Hotel and the Commercial Hotel and Tavern. Wates Hotel was built in 1819 and was at the western end of the promenade near the Custom House. It was a large weather boarded structure with a weather boarded tower to look out for tilt boats operating the long ferry which came to the New Bridge. It was named after James Wate, its first proprietor.  It had an outlet from its riverside to the New Bridge as well as possessing a quay of its own but trade dropped when the long ferry ceased in 1834.  In 1883 Wates closed and some of it was demolished leaving the tower and perhaps a part which became the Commercial Tavern or it may always have been a separate building.  In 1896 the main building of Wates, or its site became a sailors' home and in 1918 the Sea School built new premises here. It was demolished in 1975 after the Sea School had moved.  The Commercial closed in 1930 and too was demolished.
Sailors Home and Rest. In 1827 a group of philanthropists opened the Destitute Sailors' Asylum in Whitechapel; a home for sailors who were not destitute followed in 1835 and in 1882 a branch was opened in Gravesend. Here, sailors of all nations could get decent lodgings between voyages. The Gravesend Home and Rest were handed over to the Government during the First World War and afterwards was sold to the Shipping Federation for their new sea school
The Sea School. The Gravesend Sea School was established in 1918 to train deck and catering boys for the Merchant Navy, funded by the Government. It was managed by the Board of Trade, the Ministry of Shipping, the Shipping Federation and the National Sailors’ and Firemen’s Union. In 1919 the Shipping Federation took over the finances. It soon became the main establishment of its type. In 1939 the Gravesend Sea School was transferred to the Sharpness, in Gloucestershire, and the Gravesend building was used by the Admiralty for training adults. In 1963 the National Sea Training Schools became the National Sea Training Trust, and three years later a purpose built college was opened on a new site on Denton Marshes in 1967 and the building was demolished in 1975.
New Tavern Fort. In the late 18th defences on the Thames began to be strengthened. In 1788 a new battery was planned to the east of the Tudor blockhouse, for 16 guns on an earth embankment facing the river. It was named after a pub in part of the chantry which was used as barracks. A brick wall was later built at the back of the site. In the 1840s a magazine and other buildings were added. In 1868-72 it was remodelled to take 10 heavy guns, mostly 9-inch 12-ton rifled muzzle loaders. Some of the emplacements for these guns still exist and the magazines underneath are virtually intact with their special arrangements for lighting. In 1905 two 6-inch converted breech-loading guns were installed in separate emplacements overlooking the promenade. There is a separate magazine for these two guns which survives complete with shell and cartridge hoists. It was garrisoned until the end of the First World War when it was a Royal Engineers depot. In 1930 it acquired a pair of 6-inch guns for Territorial Army training. Gravesend Corporation bought the inside of the fort though the battery remained in use until 1938. In the Second World War two communications masts supported a naval radio monitoring station and it is thought there was a link to Bletchley Park. Following the war, the fort became a public garden with a bandstand and lawns. Fort House, the Commanding Royal Engineer's home had been bombed and was demolished as was part of the Chantry
Fort Gardens. In 1930 the Corporation bought the fort from the Government, they had already bought the moat and land for the promenade in 1910. The gardens were opened in 1932 by the Earl of Darnley. The moat was converted into The Dell with a stream and paths winding above. The bandstand is the scene of many events including plays and concerts.
Fort House.  This was formerly the Rectory of Milton Church. It was the home of the Commanding Royal Engineer and had been demolished after Second World War bombing.  In 1870 it was the home of General Gordon and where he entertained lads from the poorer parts of Gravesend. In the Second World War it was used as the Food Office. The site is now a rose garden.
Causeway into the river.  This was called the New Bridge and was built on piles terminating in a wooden staircase at low tide point. It is possible that a landing-place existed here to service the early medieval chantry. The parish of Milton was responsible for its upkeep as a public way to the river. Wates Hotel, later the Sea School, was built standing over this above the river.
St.John's Ambulance. Garage of the St. John Ambulance Association. This was adjacent to the Sea School,
Gravesend Rowing Club. Established in 1878 and has produced numerous winners of the Doggetts Coat and Badge. Boat-sheds and clubhouse.


East Crescent Road
This is essentially a service road, with no pavements. There are some patches of granite cobbles
22-23 this was once a stable – the Co-op stables were in this area


East Terrace
44 Flower of Kent. This pub was present between 1846 and 1878.  It  is not clear where this pub was – if it was next to The Pilot as the numbering  suggest there is no space where it could have been, and it is not shown on the 1874 OS,
42-43 The Pilot. This pub is said to date from 1839 – but is also described as being a ‘flamboyant arts and crafts style building on a prominent site’ – so the building must be later than 1839.




Gordon Promenade
The promenade was built in the late 19th and was previously a stretch of saltings which a high tide could cover almost to the wall of the fort. Bags of cement were purchased from a wrecked schooner and an embankment built with them. It is said some of the shape of them could be seen until the late 1970s.  It was opened by the Countess of Darnley in 1883.
The Playground on the south side was part of the fort grounds called 'The Captain's Field'. It was leased to the Corporation in 1886. In 1911 a swimming bath was built here but was filled in in 1938.
Bandstand was built in 1890 and demolished in 1933. The Shelters were built in 1906 but have now gone, as have the toilets. There is now a boating lake, a fishing lake, and a childrens' play area
Promenade cafe. This is in ‘Festival of Britain’ style.  Edith thinks it was called the Coronation Cafe when it opened in 1952




Gordon Promenade east
Gravesend Sailing Club. This is the clubhouse of the Club which was founded in 1894. Gravesend Sailing Club was established in 1894, and moved here in 1906. It is thought to be the oldest-established Sailing Club on the Lower Thames. Members use the Canal Basin for laying up and fitting-out their craft.




Harmer Street
The street was built in 1836 for the Milton Park Estate Company and was3-1 design by Amon Henry Wilds which was never completed south of Milton Road.  It was named after Alderman James Harmer of Ingress Abbey, Greenhithe who backed the scheme. The design was of brick-built terraces in pairs of buildings gradated to the slope away from the river. There are wrought ironwork balconies at the first floor some of which were lost but which have been restored.  Many of the buildings are now in residential use although in the past many of them were shops.
1 Alexandra Hotel. 1866
2 This was a Temperance Hotel in the 1930s. In the 1860s it had been Coopers Early Breakfast House and in the 1850s The Star Commercial Dining and Coffee House advertising, among other things ‘Spacious Pleasure Grounds’.
3-11 Harmer House. This was Gravesend Co-op Hall from 1935. In the 1950s and 1960s the Co-op Hall had many concerts with major pop stars of the day.  It later became a billiard hall
22 Manufacturer of soda water and ginger beer in the 1870s.
33 Gravesend Savings Bank. Later the Trustee Savings Bank.
15-17 Borough Electric Offices. This was later Hayman Engineering, set up in 1974 to provide refrigeration to the food processing industry
44-46 Gravesend Reporter Offices. This was a local newspaper publishing house. It had in the past been a mineral water manufactory
El Sereno. Gravesend first 1950s coffee bar. Set up by Peter Crofton Sleigh, and friends.
1-2a Stable to 39 The Terrace
Call Boy.  The original Literary Institute building stood here until 1955. It had been built in 1836 and had a grand portico and had contained a reading room, lending library, and an assembly room.  It included a bar called the Institution Shades.  In the 1890s it was reconstructed and became The Prince of Wales Theatre of Varieties and later The Grand Theatre of Varieties. It closed in 1933, and in 1952 the roof fell in. in 1955 it was replaced by the public-house, called The Call-Bay.  This was a Shepherd Neame pub which closed in 2008 and then was opened as a series of short lived bars.


Khartoum Place
Gates. Opposite the point where East Terrace joins Milton Place are the gates of Fort Gardens with the Borough coat of arms.



Milton Place
Holy Trinity. This church, built in 1845 was demolished in 1963 and the site became a car park for the post office. It was at the junction with Ordnance Road and Milton Road. The architect was J. Wilson, and the site was given by the Board of Ordnance on condition that seats were made available for customs officers. The church quickly became fashionable and the congregation included prosperous—pilots, customs officers, and watermen but the congregation, however, dwindled as the residential area moved south. It was here that the Trinity Sunday Pilots' Service was first held in 1908.
School. A school was built next to the in 1865. This was burnt down in 1962 and the school was moved to Milton barracks
Tithe Barn. The Milton tithe barn was destroyed in Second World War bombing having been used as a dust cart depot previously.


Milton Road
32 The Globe. This pub is now a bathroom shop. It dated from 1788, although others give the date as 1824 as a City of London Brewery house. It and closed in 2003 having changed its name a couple of times in its last years.
15 TJs. This was the British Tar dates from 1808 although the building may be twenty years or so older. The building frontage is of mathematical tiles and the only example of these in Gravesend. The ground floor is brick with weather boarding at the rear. It was a Barclay and Perkins House, then a Russell’s Brewery house, and then Trueman’s. It was latterly a free house.
79 Ingress Tavern. This was on the corner of Love Lane 1846 - 1856.
144-145 General Post Office. There is a memorial plaque in the building to post office workers who did in the Great War. It may now be closed as a post office. The building is probably from about 1850
146 National Provincial Bank. The bank had opened in 1930 here and closed in 1992 following a merger with the Westminster Bank. The building is probably from about 1850 and is marked as a Post Office on the 1864 OS.




Norfolk Road
Old pillar box. This dates from 1856-1860 and it is understood it is one of the oldest boxes remaining. It is a fluted cylinder with a vertical posting aperture. The only similar box is in Banbury.



Ordnance Road
This was once called Coal Road because much of the coal landed in the Canal Basin was transported along here.
Chantry Grounds. Little Pebbles. Children’s Centre.
Chantry Community Academy.  Assume this is a primary school in the old Gordon School buildings,
Gordon School. Gordon Secondary School for Boys was completed in 1932 and opened by Lord Darnley. It moved to Lower Higham Road in 1975 to become a mixed school. The Ordnance Road building became Chantry Primary school
King’s Field. The triangular ground on which Gordon School was built was a pasture for cows, kept by Joble King who had a dairy in Queen Street.
Swimming pool. This had been opened in 1938 and closed in 1988. It was demolished in 1989.  It was an open air pool, with a central deep end and changing rooms behind the frontage. There was a separate children’s paddling pool. (Edith can find nothing about the baths and cannot remember if there were slipper baths there)
Gordon Gardens. The Gordon Memorial Gardens were given in 1890 and 1892 by George Arnold, J.P., Mayor of Gravesend.
Obelisk. This was moved here from the canal basin where it had, replaced the Round Tree. A metal plate on it records the gift of the gardens
Drinking fountain and horse trough
Gordon statue. General Charles George Gordon came to Gravesend in September 1865 as Royal Engineer Officer in Command, to supervise the construction of forts for the defence of the Thames.   His free time was devoted to helping the needy and he taught regularly at the Ragged School. His special care was for young boys who roamed the streets. The statue is of a full length figure in army uniform with a sabre. It is on a circular column with 6 stone steps.




Royal Pier Road,
This was previously known as East Street
Blockhouse.  This is on show on the lawn in front of the Clarendon Hotel.  The actual blockhouse building was on the area of the car park. The blockhouse was one of five designed by Christopher Morice and James Nedham for Henry VIII in 1539. It was designed to cross fire over the navigable channel and this was one of the inner lines of forts. It had a clear view of Gravesend Reach and protected the ferry crossing. It was a D shaped structure with guns mounted on a semi circular front with 25-30 guns of various types, some with the range of a mile. It was later used as a magazine for gunpowder. It was gradually run down over the next two centuries – although officers preferred it to Tilbury. It was demolished in 1841. It has since been excavated and the foundations of an ashlar bastion were found which supported the walls.
Pontoon bridge. This was built across the river during the Great War. It ran from the Clarendon lawns to the World’s End supported on lighters which could be moved to provide a gap in the middle. This was probably the earliest lower Thames crossing.
Clarendon Hotel. The site was originally that of a residence for the Duke of York later James II as Lord High Admiral. This was set in front of the Gravesend Blockhouse after the Dutch Road of 1667. Later it became the Ordnance Storekeepers Quarters. It was converted into a hotel in the mid 19th but the current building dates from 1860. James married Anne, daughter of Edward, Earl of   Clarendon, hence the name. On the west side is a long low wing and to the east an addition of which the ground floor room is a ballroom. Princess Alexandra spent her first night in England here in 1863 on her arrival to marry the Prince of Wales. It closed due to disrepair in 2004 but has now reopened
Clarendon Shades. The west wing of the hotel was until 1952 in the occupation of a Mr. Combers, locally known as Captain Silver. He had a large collection of ship's models and nautical gear, with the upper floor done up as a steam- ship's bridge. The collection of is now in the National Maritime Museum with the figureheads being in the Cutty Sark
29 there are 3 figureheads in the grounds
Clarendon Cottage. At the rear of the Clarendon was 'Grape Vine Cottage', which had been the Milton parish workhouse in the 18th. This has now gone
Red Cross. Pub in this area 1613-1675
Royal Terrace pier. This pier, designed by J. B. Redman, is now the headquarters of the Trinity House pilots. Now the headquarters of the Pilotage Service. It was built in 1844 by the Gravesend Freehold Investment Company as a T-shaped construction of cast-iron. At the shore end are small stone pavilions with turrets. In 1834 The Crown offered land around the Blockhouse for sale and Gravesend Corporation wanted something built which would be for the public good. They couldn’t afford to buy it themselves and finance was raised by which the Royal Terrace Gardens Company was set up along with the Gravesend Star Packet Company which was to run steamers from it here. It was thus originally a landing and embarkation point for visitors brought by paddle-steamer in the summer. It was opened in 1842 replacing a temporary pier o f1835.  Architect Amon Wildes was commissioned to draw up a vast scheme rebuilt much of Milton as a visitor attraction and watering place. Of course it never really happened – there were other attractions and it was bankrupt by 1859. Trinity House leased the pier in 1859 and bought it in 1893.


The Terrace
The Terrace was built in 1791 by James Leigh Joynes, who also paved the footway at his own expense. The ground on which the south side was built was known as The Camps or Sconce lands in the 17th. Pocock noted earthworks here.
Terrace Gardens. The area north of The Terrace between the Clarendon and just short of Milton Place was laid out as gardens in 1833. They commissioned the foremost garden designer J.C.Loudon who designed a scheme to make the garden feel bigger than it actually was. Admission was by ticket or payment at toll-offices, on each side of the Harmer Street entrance on the north side. These were demolished after being semi-derelict for a number of years and replaced with houses. Royal Terrace Pier road went through the middle of the site on arches. By the 1890s the gardens were derelict and replaced with streets and houses
Fountain Inn. This had been on the other side of the road but transferred to the south side when the Excise Office was built. This closed in 1914 but is listed in the 1937 street directory as a cafe
Old Custom House. Before the current custom house was used, the offices were on the south side of the road as the end house in Whitehall Place. This was destroyed in Second World War bombing. It had a look-out with a glass front to see down the river
Custom House. Tall square building of brown brick, with a lookout window on the roof. It Ws built in 1816 for the Excise authorities on the site of the Fountain Inn, which then moved. In 1836 the Board of Customs moved from its offices across the road in Whitehall Place, into this building
Gazebo in Customs Office grounds. This is an octagonal weather boarded building from the early 19th.
Whitehall Place. This is the area between the East Terrace and Milton Place. This is one big house occupied by commercial firms, currently it is Cox House. Before the Second World War it was used by various Thames authorities.
27 City of London. This pub was there before 1839 and was rebuilt in 1893 after its predecessor was burnt down. It closed in 2002 and has been converted to a dodgy looking bed and breakfast.
44 Crown and Thistle. Shop sized terraced pub. Must be almost the last of its type
46 Terrace Tavern. This dated from 1827 and is said to have closed in 2010.  It does appear to be open though it’s not clear for what. Said to have planning consent for flats.  Green tiled building very dramatic advertising Shrimp Brand Beers in tile work


Sources
Baldwin. The River and the Downs
British Listed Buildings. Web site
Bygone Kent
Discover Gravesham. Web site
Dover/Kent. Web site
English Heritage. Web site
Gravesend Historical Society. Transactions
Gravesend Official Handbook. 1950s
Gravesham Council. Web site
Green. Pubs of the Gravesend Area
Harker. The book of Gravesham
Haselfoot. Industrial Archaeology of South East England
Hiscock. A History of Gravesend
Industrial Heritage
Kent Fallen. Web site
Lost Pubs Project. Web site
National Maritime Museum. Web site
Penguin.  Kent
Phillips. A History of Gravesend
Pub History. Web site
Smith. Defending London’s River
Smith. New Tavern Fort. Gravesend.
Thames and Medway Canal Association. Web site
TJs. Web site

Riverside - south bank east of the Tower. Gravesend

$
0
0
Riverside south bank east of the Tower. Gravesend

Gravesend clearly has an extremely interesting town centre - busy commercial riverside, history as a port, lots of industry, incredible numbers of pubs, fortifications, the ferry, pocahontus and etc etc etc.  It is now trying to get together with its history - but slowly - and areas which anywhere else would be showpieces are filled with a sort of squalid vulgarity.  This is a very rough tough town.

Post to the east Milton
Post to the north Tilbury Riverside
Post to the south Gravesend


Anglesea Place
This tiny turning is now really just an entrance to the multi storey car park, it was once a back lane with cottages at the rear of New Road
1-2 Railway Bell. 19th weather boarded pub. Said to have opened in 1879. This was originally the Marquis of Angelsea from 1856-1861. It then became the Anglesea Arms then in 1880 it became the Marquis of Angelsea again and in 1910 it changed to the Railway Bell,
Anglesea Centre.  Built in 1974 it is a shopping mall with offices and a car park behind.  Designed by Peter Beake, Bud & Partners. 


Bank Street
In the 15th this was the site of Dame Anne’s Hall and another part was Baldwin’s Acre. This road was cut through in 1850 following a fire, and named from a bank which stood on the corner with the High Street.  The western end is now pedestrianised and the rest is mainly car parks.
1 Hero of Kent. This is described as a ‘beershop’.
Distillery. This was later the address of Gravesend Town Silver Band. It is said have been on the site of the medical centre and that cellars were found during building work.
7 Model aircraft engine workshop owned by Harold Kemp
Hollister’s Electrical Contractors. This firm was here from the 1970s to 1992. They are now in Dover Road East.
8 Gravesend Steam Carriage Works. This seems to have dealt in steam traction engines

Barrack Row
So called from a row of houses at the back of the cinema which were used for housing soldiers.
Railway building in use by a car rental firm.  This may be one of the goods yard buildings.

Bath Street
This was once called Pipe Street. It went to Clifton Baths
Gravesend and North Kent Hospital. Land was given by the Earl of Darnley plus a donation and a new infirmary and dispensary was opened in 1854. In 1884 the Ladies Committee raised money for a children's ward and the name changed to the Gravesend Hospital. Thereafter public subscriptions and volunteer fund raising paid for extensions and equipment. N. C. H. Nisbett was the architect of the new building of 1895.  In 1948, it joined the National Health Service.  The hospital has been greatly extended as it grew the original building was incorporated into the new ones. Early in 2004, part of the hospital was closed down with some services moving to M Block, so that a new Community Hospital could be built here.
National School.  This stood on the east side of the road before 1834. It then joined the Free School in King Street and a new building was erected there.
5 Britannia. This pub was there 1788 – 1909 and has since been demolished.
7 Drysdale’s Engineering works. This was at Town Foundry from 1891. They were electrical, motor and general engineers. Specializing in patent beer displayers for hotel bars and patent bulk beer pasteurizers.
20-21 Ship. This pub was present 1844-1965. This was a Truman’s Pub with a lot of fake half timbering and a big corner porch and door.
75 Sailmaker's Arms. This pub was present in 1849. The name changed to the Prince George in 1853 but closed after a few years
Admiral Duncan. This pub was in Pleasant or Prospect Row 1798-1860 and sited near 78 or 86 Bath Street.
Compass Pub. This was there 1778-1834 and was also called Mariners’ Compass. It had originally been called Noar’s Ark
St Georges Centre. Major town centre shopping mall built on the site of old housing demolished in the 1950s.


Berkeley Road
Hall. Anglo Saxons Friendly Society. Founded in 1877 to support its members in time of need.

Chapel Lane
This road no longer exists – it led from West Street to Church Street and is now merely the flagged pathway leading to St. George's church.
Old Manor House - Pocock, writing in the late 18th said that here was the 'oldest building in Gravesend' but gave no details. In 1948, during demolitions, 40ft. of ragstone wall was found and it is thought that this was a remnant of a manor house and chapel built by Edward III between 1362 and 1368 with a hall, chapel, and a wharf cost. In 1376 Edward III transferred this manor to the Convent of St. Mary Graces, and they were allowed to use its fabric for their Tower Hill site.


Church Street
St George's Church. This church was built in 1731 on the site of church built about 1480 which had been burnt down in 1727.  It had been made the parish church in 1544 but we know nothing of what it looked like. After the fire the Corporation got a grant from the Commissioners and commissioned Charles Sloane to design the church. The church was closed in 1952 and it became Chapel of Unity and Mayor's Chapel.  In 1962 it was re-opened as a church and in 1968 became the parish church again.
Pocahontas.  In the churchyard is a bronze statue of Princess Pocahontas presented by the people of Virginia and unveiled by the Governor of Virginia in 1958.  She was the daughter of the Red Indian chief, Powhattan, and she saved the life of John Smith. She died on board a ship in 1616 and was buried in the old church. There are various memorials and artifacts in the church,
14 Church House and Hall. These were built in 1970.
14 Invicta Steam Brewery. It is first noted at this address in 1881 but in 1883 it is listed under Isidore Baron Berkowitz and Co.  – He was a Gravesend educator and founder of a Jewish School as well as being a local politician and Mayor at this time. During this period the trademark of an Invicta horse was used but this was changed later and the Gravesend town motto 'Decus et Tutamen' was used instead.  The firm cannot be traced after 1885 – and there is a feeling that this might be something really interesting, especially given that the address of the brewery is the same as the future church hall.
Church Street School, the first 'board school' to be built in the town in 1876. It closed in 1975.
Ragged School. Built in 1862 to replace the original Ragged School which had started in a wooden shed in the Old Main in 1851.  Here a Penny Bank, a Free Day school, Mother's Meeting, shoeblack brigade, and soup kitchen also established. The school has been linked with General Gordon who was very active in his support for it. But the Ragged School movement was a national one and led by evangelical Christians and the Earl of Shaftesbury. It was eventually demolished in 1955.
Invicta Brewery Tap. This was a beer house 1883-1893
16 Watermen’s Arms. This pub dated from around 1727 and was closed before 1914. It has since been demolished


Clifton Marine Parade
Built in early 19th this was a riverside promenade, and except for the western end where the chalk industry intruded. It is now more complex. This square takes in only the eastern end which still goes along the riverside where new blocks of flats have replaced industrial wharves and river views. It is then broken by the large retail park and then re-emerges in the next square. 
William Cleveley shipyard.  Cleveley had a ship building business here from around 1780.  He probably came from a ship wrighting background and at the same time seems to have been exploiting the chalk extraction and lime burning potential of the site. He is also said to have taken on a disused boat building site here. His site is said to have been that of the later Imperial Paper Mills but it may also have been to the western part of the site, beyond this square. He built here at least 13 of warships and merchant vessels, up to nearly 2,000 tons. Later members of the Cleverley family used the site here for lime-burning and providing chalk ballast for ships returning to northern ports. They also sold flints found in the chalk to gun makers and others. They worked together with William Gladdish, who had married a Cleverley daughter, and they burnt and sold lime through the early 19th until acquired by William Fletcher
Fletcher.  Alderman William Fletcher bought the site of the Dockyard in 1869. He was a barge owner, chalk and flint exporter and lime maker. As a lime works the site was named after the Hit and Miss pub -  which is in the square to the west of this one. This works continued into the early 20th by which time there were many kilns and a large pit serviced by narrow gauge lines to wharves by the river and a siding from the main line railway. There were two lime kilns in the quarry at the back.
53  Fletcher’s Wharf. This was originally Ditchburn's Wharf built in 1834 and at once time used for hoy services to London. In the early 1850's, William Gladdish took it over and used it for ballast and chalk export. He rebuilt it wharf and on his death, William Fletcher became the owner importing coke which was sold to surrounding factories.
Rope walk and rope house. Pocock records this in 1811 and it then probably belonged to a John Ditchburn of Chatham. By the 1840s it was in the hands of Henry and William Ditchburn, both with various civic appointments and grand sounding titles. The rope walk is said to have been ‘above the parade’ (Were these Ditchburns connections of the famous T.J.Ditchburn of Thames Ironworks who also came from Chatham in this period). It appears previously to have belonged to the Starbuck family from 1718 and made sisal rope.
Baths. A baths was set up near Ditchburn’s rope walk in 1796. These baths were in gardens called The Grove, with lodging houses and cottage. The proprietor was Henry Ditchburn. There were a selection of different types of bath as well as bathing machines and a reading room.
Clifton Baths. Henry Ditchburn sold the Gravesend Baths to a company which redeveloped the entire area and changed the name to the Clifton Baths.  This was designed by local architect Amon Wilds. The central section of the baths between a hotel and houses was an extraordinary Moorish style building. They had sea water bathing and had swimming facilities, separate for each sex, hot and tepid baths for the languid.  The baths came at a time when Gravesend was becoming less popular as a resort and pollution was increasing in the river. They were eventually sold by the freeholders, The Darnley Estate, in 1903 and demolished
Clifton Pier. This was built near to the Baths, in Clifton Parade, by Mr McIntosh in order to service visitors coming via steamers.
Clifton Hotel. This was owned by Thomas Pallister of the local Old Falcon Hotel. It was also known as Pallister’s Hotel.
New Thames Yacht Club.  This moved into what had been Pallister's hotel and was the centre of considerable yachting activities opening in 1894.  It was a start and finish point for many river races. The club was a breakaway group from the Royal Thames Yacht Club and was defunct by the early 1900s
Imperial Paper Mills. This large paper making factory was set up by Harmsworth’s Amalgamated Press to process the pulp into newsprint, from the early 1900s through to the 1980s. Most of the pulp came from the company’s forest at Grand Falls Newfoundland from 1910.The works occupied the entire site of the ship yard, lime works, rope yard plus land to the west. The works also had an internal rail system and a large wharf.
Imperial Wharf. The wharf handles commercial shipping and has recently acquired a bitumen terminal.  They operate from the former paper mill office block called The White House and a war memorial on site remains form the works.
Imperial Business Estate.  These are on the site of the paper mill. 
Baltic wharf. This wharf handled timber from the Baltic ports. It later became a coal handling wharf for Tuffee and Hayward.  The site is now flats.
Rifle range. This is said to have been used by volunteer regiments and was at the southern end of the pit adjacent to Overcliffe –álthough obviously below it.
Whiting works. This was south of the Lime works.

Clifton Road
This is the last remaining portion of the former highway, to Northfleet.  It was the main road to Northfleet, made in 1716 to replace an earlier road nearer the river which had become dangerous because of removal of land for ballast; it was replaced New Road and Overcliffe, in 1802. It was still known as the Old Main (Road) in 1900, although officially it was Clifton Road.
Ragged School. The original Ragged School n Gravesend was held in a cottage on the south-east corner of the road before moving to purpose built accommodation.  The cottage was extant until 1950 and was the last thatched house in the town.
A hole appeared in the lawn near the hospital generator house in 1979. It was a tunnel which went for some distance and had had props in it and some pre-Aspdin cement. It was concluded it had something to do with an adjacent whiting works – maybe illegally.
Gas works. The earliest gas works in Gravesend was set up in 1824. By Gravesend & Milton Gas Light Company and closed in 1843.  The town was first lit by gas on 9 December 1824
Tunnel to Tilbury. This was an undertaking by Ralph Dodd in 1798. The proposed tunnel was to be 900 yards long under the bed of the Thames.   The shaft was sunk at the back of an abandoned chalk pit called Old Main near the house of Mr.Hazard. By the time they had dug 70ft water was coming in and had to be continually pumped.  Soon after the engine house was burnt down and work stopped.

Clive Road
Gravesend Central Station The main part of the station is in the square to the south.
Thamesgate Shopping Centre. Another more recent shopping centre


Crooked Lane
This was a small back road with cottages but is now part of the one way system round the town centre. It now takes in some of what was East Street.
4 Founders Arms. This appears to have been there between 1847 -1907.
The Old Falcon. The Old Falcon was rebuilt in 1882 it is said with a glass studio on the roof for William Wylie, the maritime artist well known for his Thames views. It was established before 1622, closed in 1939 and demolished in 1961.  The address was however in East Street and overlooking the river with stairs down to the foreshore the name displayed on the roof terrace to it could be seen from the river... Latterly it was a Truman’s house and referred to as ‘The Old Falcon and the King of Prussia’.


Darnley Road
Until 1796 this road was a field path closed by gates at each end. In the 19th the northern part of the road was called Somerset Street.
10 The Somerset Arms. It was present before 1843 and called the Exmouth Arms and but renamed the Somerset Arms before 1850.
Railway Bridge
Victoria Centre.  This was built in 1893 with Lieut-Col. C T. Plunkett as architect. It was then the Municipal Day School and had mixed classes of boys and girls who sat on separate sides of the class room and had their own playgrounds, and stairs.  No boy was allowed to speak to any of the girls outside school. Later it was the School of Science and Art and included Gravesend Free Library. It then became the County School for Higher Education under Kent County Council. In 1939 it was taken over by the Technical School. It has been an adult education centre since the 1980s.
Library. In 1894 the Borough Library was established in two rooms in the Technical School, The lending library was in a room on the first floor and the reading room on the ground floor.
Statue of Queen Victoria in terra-cotta, presented by Mayor G. M. Arnold to commemorate her Diamond Jubilee, It is by J Broad in terracotta by Doulton of Lambeth, who originally supplied a statue which was faulty and this is the replacement.


Eden Place
This short street is now. Now the site of car parks since 1972.  In the 19th it was the site of boarding houses but later became a slum

Garden Row
This was a path behind New Road which century led to a nursery garden now under the shopping mall.


High Street
The street runs up the hill from the river and the earliest known mention of it is in 1334.  It is thought that originally a channel ran down the middle of the street. Only pubs which have definite addresses in the High Street are listed here – there were many more than this!
1 Drum Pub also called the Pied Bull or the Castle. This pub was current 1684-1822
2 Castle Pub. This had been the Pyed Bull Pub from 1620 up to 1662 when the name changed.
4 Imperial. This building is now offices; it was a pub 1880 to 1909.  It appears to have been called the Saracen’s Head in 1514, and then the King’s Head the in 1662. It has however clearly been rebuilt, presumably in 1880.
5 Greyhound Pub.  Open 1445-1727
6 Bull. This pub also seems to be called Flushing or The George in the 17th. It is said to have had eleven rooms. This was also the address of Henry Pinnock, who left money for Gravesend’s almshouses and after whom they are named. It is first mentioned in a conveyance of 1464 and it closed in 1939. It has since been demolished.
9 Golden Fleece Pub, This was present 1637 to 1727. It was said to have stabling for 26 horses and a fine view of the river.
13 Seven Stars. Pub which was present 1475-1705
15 Antelope Pub also called the Crown or the Ship. It appears to be open in 1428 as the Crown and become the Ship in 1539 until 1727 re-opening as the Crown in 1728. In 1762 it became The Antelope and remained as such until it closed in 1783. It is said to be where King Christian of Denmark dined in 1614 with Henry, son of James I.
17 Surrey, Kent and Sussex Banking Co. This was the first branch of a joint stock bank in Gravesend which opened in 1837. It later became the London and County Bank and later the National Westminster Bank
20 The Kent.   This appears to have been called the Swan from 1462 until 1829 when it became the Kent. Although a pub called the Swan is noted in 1339. In 1976 it became the Penny Farthing and then closed in 2001 to reopen as the Kent Bar.  As the Swan it is thought to be the earliest known Gravesend Pub
24 London and County Bank. The bank is said to have moved here in 1864.  It had previously been the Freemasons Arms. A pub on that site in 1623 was the White Lion and then 1727- 1753 it was the bell and 1754-1790 it was the Greyhound and 1791- 1854 it was the Rose. It is now a shop.
34 Anchor and Crown. This was there 1651-1958 and was demolished when the Woolworth’s building replaced Bryant and Rackstraw.  It was a Truman’s house.
43 excavations here 1963 when it had been  a shoe shop established its use as that for the previous 150 years and that it had been in use of some sort since the 13th
44 Chase. This has had a number of incarnations. It was the Three Tuns before 1570 and then called the Chase in 1871. It was known as the Market Tavern in the 21st but in 2015 is The Chase again, probably
48/49 Plaque here to Robert Pocock, Gravesend historian 1760-1830. This records Pocock’s first printing press here in 1786. 
52 Black Horse Pub. This dated from 1614 as the Blew Bell, Then 1729 -1760 it was The Globe, and 1760-1864 it was the Black Horse. It was then the Alexandria Shades until 1868, and then called The Royal Yacht, and then in 1887-1897 The Royal Jubilee. It closed as The Jubilee in 1928.
56 Catherine Wheel. This had a stone on the frontage with 1686 for the date it was built. Half of the original building still remains
59 Bar 59. Pub.  This pub was The Cutter before 1686, between 1781 and 1836 but was the Admiral Boscowen being named the Albion in 1736 until 1994 when it was called the Buffaloes Head, It is now Bar 59.
63 Empire Tavern.  This was called Old Parr’s Head in 1797 and renamed Empire in 1892. It was a Reid’s house. It closed in 1914 but the building is still extant and in shop use.
64 Pope's Head Pub. This was present 1693-1922. This had 13 rooms, a summerhouse and stables. 
75 The Orient Pub. This had been the White Hart which was present by 1603 and closed in 1890. It closed in 1910 and had been demolished. As the White Hart it was used as the vestry house.
77 Cock and Pye Pub. This seems to have been open for only three or four years in the 17th
77-83 these houses are the last remaining of those built in the 1730s after the fire of 1727.  This fire began in a farm building and left houses, shops and the parish church burnt out.
80 ½ Hole in the Wall, This pub dated from 1775 and was demolished in 1938.
83 Sun Pub.   William Bourne was the innkeeper here (c.1535 -1581). He was also a, mathematician, and gunner who wrote on ordnance, inventions and navigation.  He was also port reeve
84 Chequers Pub. This was present 1570 to 1739.
Market. The Corporation is required to hold a Common Market once a week by Charter. This was at first an open space built in 1818 which was converted into two covered ways with an uncovered centre area. The architect was Charles Fowler. The present market hall was built in 1897, and designed by architect Edward J. Bennett and the builders Multon and Wallis. It was opened in 1898.
Statue of Victoria. This is the statue destined for outside what is now the Victoria Centre but which was replaced. It is by J Broad and Doulton of Lambeth
Town Hall. This is actually in the parish of Milton. It was built in 1764 with C. Sloane as architect.  In 1836 Amon Wilds replaced the frontage putting on the pediment Minerva, Truth, and Justice, but they were removed in 1939.  It is now used only as Magistrates and Coroners Courts.  In the old Council Chamber are portraits of former members and town clerks.  Until 1940 there was a police station in the basement.


Horn Yard
This is now entirely a car park
Ice Well. A hole appeared near the Bank Street junction revealing a deep circular brick structure, with a collapsed domed top - the remains of a 19th Ice Well.  At the bottom a short brick passage led to a flight of steps and it is assumed there were more steps to the building above. A second passage appeared to run to steps to the surface but was filled with debris, including items from the 1930s and 1950's. A small-unlined alcove in the chalk had a hard stone shelf with a hole.

Jury Street
This roadway was cut through in 1846-7 when a fire provided an opportunity. It is named because the amount of the damage and the costs were decided by a jury.

Kempthorne Street
This is now an internal road in the St. George’s Centre shopping mall. It was previously a north south road running from Church Street.  It is named after the wife of John Wakefield, who was buried in St.George’s churchyard.

King Street
The corner with Windmill Street seems to have been known as ‘St. Thomas’s Corner’ – a name which predates the almshouses of that name which stood here. It has been speculated that the name relates to a stop off for pilgrims going to Canterbury – maybe coming via the ferry to continue to the Pilgrim’s Way (or more sensibly the Roman Road on what is now the A2). It was also called ‘Holy Water Street’ from a house known as 'Holy Water’ which was sold to Henry Pinnock in 1624.
1 Big Discounts/ Bryant and Rackstraw/ Woolworths. In 1957 Woolworths replaced Bryant and Rackstraw, haberdashers who are said to have been on site 100 years. In 1839 this was the site for Cadells, printers, library, and agent for the Phoenix Fire Insurance Co.
1 Prince of Orange. This pub, on the corner later occupied by Woolworths and Burtons, is named for The Prince who had visited Gravesend in 1734 for his marriage to the Princess Royal.  It had previously been The George, on site since 1633 replaced by the ‘Tilt boat and Old George’ from 1728. It had been re- built in the early 19th when New Road was cut. Coaches ran from there - . For instance the 'Commodore' from Brompton on its way to the Spread Eagle, Gracechurch Street.  It is said there was a secret passage to The Three Daws. The pub remained there until 1928 although by then part of the site had become shops.
3 Bet Fred. Barclays Bank moved here from the High Street and about 1930 and it was subsequently used by a number of financial institutors. The building has a number of interesting plaques – those from the ground floor, now reproduced as a postcard. On the first floor are designs of ships.  It is on the site of what was King Street School.
King Street School. This was on the site later occupied by Barclays Bank. The school was a wooden building with the upper floor overhanging and with a window the whole length of the building. The school was in being before 1580 and was then situated near the market place and moved here in the early 17th. In 1835 it merged with the National school and a new school was built, with the boys' department on the ground floor, and the girls' above. This was a church school until 1928 and in 1939 a new St. George's school was opened in Wrotham Road and this site was sold for commercial purposes.
4 Santander Bank. This was Williamsons Cafe.  This is the small Tudor style brick building with possibly writing on a plaque under a first floor bow window
5-6 this was the site of The Vine pub, from 1662 to 1783 when it was divided into tenements
7 Carlton Cafe. This appears to be part of the Kings Head. In the 1940s the Carlton was the poshest cafe in Gravesend.
8 Kings Head Sports Bar. This is in part of the King's Head building. It was the King's Head from 1778. Rebuilt 1895. It briefly reopened as Equinox. It closed in 1990.  This building has a number of decorative plaques on it -one of over the main door or a king’s head over the main door and another higher up with the builder and rebuilding date and the initials GMA. Only half the original building appears to be used as a pub.
11 The Majestic Cinema was opened in 1931 with stalls and a circle levels. It had a stage, four dressing rooms and a cafe. It was taken over by Union Cinemas in 1933, who installed a Compton 3Manual/7Ranks organ. Union Cinemas were taken over by Associated British Cinema in 1937. It was re-named ABC in 1963 and the Compton organ was removed in 1968 going eventually to West Hallam social club. It was converted to three screens in 1972 and then taken over by the Cannon Group in 1986 & re-named Cannon. In the 1990’s it became the MGM, in 1995 it was again ABC and then was taken over by Odeon. It then screened Indian films as EMD Cinema. It closed in 2002, and was taken over by the United Church of the Kingdom of God. They had moved out by 2006 and it was partly demolished in 2009. The front of the building remains.
21 Mitre Hotel. This was on the corner with Queen Street. It was the Pelican and Punchbowl 1726 -1795, and then became the Duke of York until 1836 when it became the Mitre. It had a small house adjoining and was a brick building and the last remaining building of its period in the street. It was a Posting House in the 1830s. It was demolished in 1971 and there is now new building on the site.
23-24 Goose Gravesend. This pub was The Pembroke. This is the site of Cooper’s furniture store.
26 County Court offices. Built in 1878, and used for the Crown Court
29 David Grieg. Provision merchants built 1903
30 The National Westminster Bank. Built as the London and County Bank in 1898. It is in red brick with a lot of decoration in an Arts and Crafts style. The architect was Alfred Williams with Creaton and Co. as the builders. It was built on the site of Pinnock’s almshouses.
Pinnock's Almshouses. St. Thomas's almshouses stood here until 1896. They were the successors of those bequeathed in 1624 by Henry Pinnock who was   Port Reeve in the early 17th. . They had been built in 1834 in red brick and with a stretch of grass in front. They had replaced a weather boarded group and were themselves replaced by the almshouses in Old Road. 


Lennox Avenue
This is said to be the area of a ground used in 1893 for the newly-formed Gravesend United Football Club - itself an amalgamation of Gravesend Football Club and Gravesend Ormonde. The ground was entered from Overcliffe.

Manor Road
This road is now cobbled with restricted entry.  It is said to be called after an office where manorial quit-rents were paid. 
Gravesend Education Committee and School Clinic 1 Manor Shades. This pub was established before 1879. It has also been called Burton Ale Shades. Now closed.
The Courtyard. This block of buildings used as offices and other units appears to be in the area of what was Abbott’s Dairy established in 1786. In the 1870s this was a timber yard.
7 Abbott Dairies
7 Compass Ale House. Claims to be a ‘micropub’. It appears to be in the building used by Abbotts as their office


Milton Road
1 New Inn. This pub is said to have been in existence since 1791. It was originally the home of Lord Paston, and then later Dr. Holker, who in 1734, entertained the Prince and Princess of Orange there. In 1780 it was then taken over by the licensee of a different New Tavern vacated for the construction of water-side defences. The grounds were extensive and included a bowling green. At the rear was a 19th livery and bait stable hiring horses, carriages and waggonettes. The pub is still open but in 2012 it was called Coyote Ugly and then Bar 1.
Wesleyan Methodist Chapel. This church built in 1906 replaces an earlier chapel of 1812 on the same site.
53 The Grapes. This is a Shepherd Neame house.19th corner building which dates from 1843
St Joseph’s Convent. In 1860 saw four Sisters of Mercy moved into a house close to St. John’s. They staffed the parish school, and, by 1864 some classrooms had been built. In 1950 the Convent of Mercy moved to Hillside Drive
St John’s Roman Catholic Church. This was built in 1834 by Church of England worshippers as a 'proprietary chapel’. The architect was Mr. Jenkins. In 1842 it was put up for auction but no purchaser was found until 1843 when it was bought by a curate of St.Anne's, Westminster. In 1851, following a row about relationships with the Roman Catholic Church it was sold to Cardinal Wiseman with money from the Raphael family of Parrock Manor. It then became a Roman Catholic Church. A new steeple was added in 1873 by Goldie and Child, and it was dedicated in 1892, the dedication being changed from John the Baptist to John the Evangelist. There have been other changes to the structure since.
Mechanics Institute library and lecture-room were built next to the church in the early 19th, but failed for lack of support.


New Road
Built early in 1801 as a cut to provide a direct road to Northfleet. Irregular roofs and upper storeys at the west end who that when the road was built it was made it was made up of cottages which were converted into shops.
1 Costa Coffee. This is in the old Burton’s menswear shop
1a Chieseman's store. This was previously Bon Marche owned by T.Delarue.  This was probably the Mr Delarue who lived in Old Road in the 1950s and who was something to do with the Thomas Delarue School, for people with cerebral palsy in Tonbridge. The store was sold to Chieseman’s in 1957 - Chiesman Brothers was started by brothers Frank and Harry Chiesman in 1884 in Lewisham.
46 Sun. This pub was established in 1810 stood until 1970 at the corner of Bath Street. It was built of brick dated from the opening of New Road.
51-53 Super Cinema.  This was built in 1880 as the Borough of Gravesend British Workman's Halls. It then became the Gravesend Public Halls used for meetings, lectures, concerts and entertainments. A small upper hall was used for social functions. Films were shown here it was and in 1921 it was named the Popular Picture Palace. By 1915 there were live performances and films, and was Called the Palace Theatre, and then, as a full time cinema, the Empire Picture Palace. By 1925 it was London Theatre, in 1930 the Rivoli Music Hall. And By 1932 it was the Regent Cinema. It was taken over by the Union Cinemas chain in 1933 and re-constructed inside by architect A.H. Jones to re-open as the Super Cinema It had a Compton 3Manual/5Ranks organ which later went to a newly built cinema in Scunthorpe. ABC closed it in 1958. It was demolished although the facade was kept and used has since been used as shops and a series of restaurants
61 St James Schools. This was the first building on the north side. It later became a shop. Between 1855 - 1937 it was a school. The site is now the British Heart Foundation
St James Church. This was on the corner with Darnley Road from 1852 to 1968. It was built under the Church Building Act of 1818 after a petition from parishioners. The architect was S. W. Dawkes and it was built of Kentish ragstone. When it was demolished in 1968 the stained glass east window went to the Victoria and Albert Museum, and the oak altar to Cobham.  The tower clock was presented in memory of Captain Marsden, a former harbour-master. Between 1952 and 1968 it was the parish church of Gravesend when the incumbent was Selwyn Gummer father of a future government minister.
Joynes House. This is on the site of St. James’s church and is an office block mainly housing county court and government agencies
62-63 Wheatsheaf. This pub dates from 1824.It has lots of green tiles and mock half timbering
65 Regal Cinema. This was The Gem Picture Theatre which opened in 1914. It was taken over by Union Cinemas in 1933 re-opened as the Regal Cinema. It closed in 1968 and was converted into a bingo club – in 1992 Coral Bingo Club, and later Gala Bingo Club.
67 John Edgely. Fish shop and smoke house
Stable and coach house. On the corner with Garrick Street was a seedsman’s store, used in the 19th as a stable and coach-house’
71 Site of the Salvation Army Citadel on the corner with Garrick Street. This had been the Theatre Royal opened for plays in 1807 by Mr. J. Trotter. It had many changes of fortune but was at iris most popular the 1870s. It was bought by the Salvation Army in 1883. And demolished in 1969. It is now under Tesco
72a Site of a builder’s merchant's yard which had once been called the Royal Mews; a livery stables.
73 Eagle, public house which dated from 1876. This was demolished n 1969 and is now under Tesco’s
74 site of the Co-op store. This was built on the site of two private houses with long front gardens. These were demolished in 1958. They were occupied by Dr. Charles Pinching, the last in a family of Gravesend doctors.
76c Royal Sovereign. Pub. This was here 1861-1910
77a Lloyds Bank. This was demolished in 1973 and had been built in 1906 by Alfred Tolhurst as a branch of the Capital and Counties Bank. The architect was George E. Clay and it was on the site of offices built in 1867 and a pub. It was used also by Tolhurst as a solicitor’s office
84 HSBC– built as Midland Bank. This is on the site of a stonemason's yard. The bank is by T. B. Whinney in 1911
85 Macdonald’s. This was the Nelson Hotel, previously called the Marquis of Granby and before that the Flower de Luce. It was rebuilt in 187


Overcliffe
Built 1802 as a result of petition to House of Commons by Gravesend Corporation because the old road had become unsafe because of the pits. Houses on the south side were built between 1864 and 1870 and with deep gardens
The Fairfield was adjacent to Bath Street and stretched between here and what is now Overcliffe .This is where the annual Gravesend Fair was held. Gravesend Cattle Fair held on part of the pastureland to the south in the early 1890s.
Maidstone and District Booking Office. Buses of the Maidstone and District Company, with services to Kent and Sussex, used to be parked along the roadway. The company’s booking offices and garages were built in 1923 on part of the old cattle fairground. The first Maidstone and District bus service to Chatham opened in 1911. . The offices are now all in retail use.
ASDA there is an entrance to the ASDA store below on Thames Way
3 Gravesend Training College. This was present before the Second World War. It was run by Ron Crookes and taught shorthand and typing.
6 -8 Gravesend Art School. This closed in the 1960s to merge with a college in Medway.  The most famous alumni was Sir Peter Blake – but there were other distinguished artists.  This is now offices
12 National Autistic Society. This appears to include the Helen Allison School and The Hurst Skeffington Hostel for Autistic Adolescents.  The building was in the past used by a Christian Scientist Church
14 Ancient Order of Foresters
. This was also once Gravesend Trades Hall and Institute.  It seems now to be mainly flats.
24 Gravesend Labour Party
32 Miss Sharman's School for Orphans. Charlotte Sharman rescued hundreds of orphan children from the streets and founded schools here, and in Southwark and Tunbridge Wells. She was not a wealthy woman but worked in practical ways


Parrock Street
The road is built on the line of a footpath from Gravesend to Henhurst Lane
Underground Toilets– these were closed in the 1990s and are believed to date from the early 20th.
1 Whispers. This was the Royal Victoria Shades, and previously the Flower Pot dating from 1849.  This is now a ‘night club’. .
Conservative Club. In the 19th its walled garden ran along the south side of King Street
Cromer House. In the Second World War this was used by the Y.M.C.A. for service men
Glovers Pond. This was on the side of the road near Manor Road until the early 19th.

Princes Street
This road has had a number of names - Princess Street, Bread Street, or Gravesend Backside. It backs onto the High Street and now is a series of high walls and backs of buildings. It once had a number of workshops and warehouses.
Congregational or Independent Chapel.   A meeting- house with a burial ground and minister's house was built in 1717. It was later extended to include a lecture hall, schoolroom and library. It closed in 1953 and its congregation moved to Old Road East. The building was demolished in 1961 and the site is now a car park.


Queen Street
This street was known in the early 18th as Milton Backside.  The name ‘Queen Street’ seems to date from the early 19th
1-2 Ordnance Arms. This was behind a cobbled space and derived its name land ownership by the War Department.  It was opened in 1816 actually in Crooked Lane.  It was a Russell’s house. It closed in 1914 and has since been demolished
4 Five Bells. This probably dated from 1658.   In the late 1890s it was called The Dolphin-was also rebuilt in 1898.  In 1912 it became a sweet factory and since 1920 it has been a fish and chip shop
6-7 Roebuck. This was the Three Horseshoes in 1633, becoming the Roebuck in the 1770s. It Closed in 1914.
21 Pippin Tree. The pub opened as early as 1705. In 1724 it was called with the Cherry Tree and in 1834 it was the Town Arms. In 2000 it became Night Shades.  It is now called Blakes and claims to be an exclusive club.  The building looks terrific
22 Shrimp dealer. In the 1930s this was the premises of H. Plumb, shrimp merchant
30 Papa. The Papa family have been making Italian ice cream here since at least the Great War. The shop is now an Italian restaurant who say they have taken on the brand name of Papa.  It is not clear if ice cream is still made here.
38 George.  This is thought to date from 1545 It was rebuilt in 1778.  It is still open
44a Eel Merchant. In the 1930s this was the premises of Charles Randall, Eel Merchant.
46 Rose of Denmark.  This opened in 1868 it closed in 1906 to become the Comrades Club, which closed in 2007.  In the 1930 as Gravesend Social Club it had also housed the local Unemployed Committee.  The building is still extant and appears to have been converted to housing
53 Hope.  This pub was opened by 1853 to 1895
68 Coal Ship.  This pub appears to date from 1868 to 1898
Fish Market.  That this was built at the back of the town hall in 1829
Etkins House. This was demolished in 1951 and was thought to be the house of George Etkins, Sheriff of Kent in 1681. The upper storey was said to be 300 years old, and built on oak posts nearly a foot square with the bark still on the unworked side. This seems to have been on the west side of the street “about 40 yards down”.
Forges.  These adjoined the stables at the back of the New Inn to shoe the numerous horses.  The last farrier in the town was on the opposite side of the street and closed in 1960. Some of the smiths ornamental ironwork is his father is said that to say what we can see how it in Milton church
William Pittook's Queen Street brewery. This was present in 1839.  The name was changed to Pittock and Chandler in 1846 and it had gone by 1848. Pittock had a brewery in Dartford at around the same time
Bull Yard. This is said to have been the site of an Elizabethan Foundry. Tug owner George Butchard took it over and it was then bought by Robert Priestly undertaking steel plate and structural steel work including work for the Channel Tunnel. In the 1950s it was use by W.J.Beer & Son who were marine, general engineers and millwrights


Railway Place
This road runs over above the railway line. At one time it was the site of stables. It is a popular place for late night punch ups.
1a Railway Tavern. Place. This was a Meux’s Brewery house established by 1881 and closed in 2010. It reopened again in 2012 as the D’Ream Bar and apparently closed because the licensee is in jail.


Royal Pier Road
This is now a riverside walkway bereft of buildings. .Some of it was once known as East Street
Green space. Area covered by the pleasant enclosed greensward, provided with seats for residents and visitors. Site of Beckett Brewery and Edward Bannister’s coal yard. The site, which included a number of old weather-boarded buildings, was cleared in 1954.
4 Old Amsterdam. The pub may have dated from the 16th and had a reputation connected to smuggling and had a causeway into the river.  It was adjacent to the White Hart, the Green Dragon and The Boot. These pubs were owned by a David Varchell but were burnt down in 1727. The new pubs were Roebuck and Pelican and the Amsterdam was rebuilt. It became the place where the Corporation banquets were held, and catered to ‘the better class of sailor’. It closed in 1915 and was used by the National Sailors and Firemen’s Union, by the Scandinavian Sailors Homes and then by a car hire firm. In 1955 the Council bought the freehold from the Church Commissioners and demolished it.
Steam Packet Co. Offices. These were in a small building attached to the Three Daws. Later it became a reading room for the local watermen until brought in to use as steam tug offices
Rose. This was a pub in what was East Street in 1656-1727. The original pub was blown up in August 1727 to prevent the great fire of Gravesend spreading. It was also called the Star and was on the site of Beckett’s Brewery
Stowboat. This was on the north side East Street 1691-1527. It may also have been called The Bell and Green Dragon or called simply the Boat. In 1727 it is said to have had connections with Beckett and Wood's Brewery.  It may also be the pub also called The Golden Last which was extant 1775-1779 which may also have been called The Boot and thus easily confused with Boat.
Gunne. In East Street 1580-1666 also called The Lower Gunne
Maydenhead, In East Street 1584-1662
Nags Head. This was also called the White Hart and Bowle and had its own wharf. It was in East Street 1544 -1727, when it was burnt down
Star. This pub was here 1662-1783 and included a brewhouse
Barge Pub, This was in this area 1580-1783
8 Wood's Brewery. C.A. Becket is said to have founded the firm in 1832 but there was possibly a brewery of that name in 1777 and in 1859 the firm is listed under G. Wood.  It was taken over in 1910 by Russell’s.  The premises were later used by the excise as a bondage store.
4 King of Prussia. This opened in 1768 but the title was changed to the King of the Belgians soon after the outbreak of the 1914-18 war. Closed and demolished.
5 Warner Boat-builder. This was present in the late 19th and lasted in the family until the Second World War. They were said to be the last of the skiff builders. William James Warner was born in Greenwich in 1843 where he was apprenticed to Shipbuilder Corbett. He moved to Gravesend to build skiffs. His son William J Warner jnr carried on the business. One skiff was Nancy built in Gravesend fashion with 7 strakes. Her Licence entitled her to carry 8 passengers and Up to 2 tons of merchandise could also be carried. She was owned and worked by the Sergent family of Chariton and in 1914 assisted in the rescue of many from General Steam Navigation Co's ship Oriel, sunk off Charlton.
St.Andrew's Waterside Mission.  This church was built in 1870 by G.A. Street as a place of worship for seamen and river workers and here emigrants awaiting departure to Australia and New Zealand could be baptised.  It originated through Rev. C. E. R. Robinson, a vicar of Holy Trinity, who visited emigrant ships.  Needing a headquarters they converted the Spread Eagle Pub into a centre for rest and recreation. A subscription list of raised for a permanent church and the church being consecrated on St. Andrew's Day, 1871, 'To the Glory of God and in memory of Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort, K.C.B.  Inside the roof of pitch pine is like an upturned boat, with a mosaic above the altar of 'The Stilling of the Tempest'. There is also a window to the Franklin Expedition. . The church was closed in 1970 and was been acquired by the Council and used as an Arts Centre. 
The Mission House. This was part of an old pub pulled down to make space for the church
19 Spread Eagle. This pub dated from 1819 and part of it remains as the Mission House adjacent to St. Andrew's church,
United Steam Tug Co.  This was a syndicate of watermen/pilots, Trinity House pilots and local businessmen, the watermen being concerned with berthing, docking and other river related ship-handling activity. They operated from this area
Game Cock Steam Towing Co. This company operated from this area. They had been founded in 1880, by a consortium of around twelve London River Pilots. Control eventually passed to Watkins and they were wound up in 1968.
Sun Tugs Co. The company operated from this area. William Alexander came from Gravesend born in 1858.  He had a lighterage company based in Wapping in 1883. In 1891 based in Deptford he began to use the prefix 'Sun' on all vessels but was based in Wapping. On his death the company remained in the family who also owned sailing vessels. From 1938 they concentrated on towing and in 1969 became part of London Tugs Ltd.
Bawley Bay.  This is the name of the foreshore around St. Andrew's Waterside Mission church. It was once the moorings of the shrimp boats, called 'bawleys', of which there were large numbers during the 19th.
Thames Terrace. This was a row of fishermen's cottages known as Bawley Row. They were demolished after the Second World War.
Blockhouse Dock The bay on the west side of the church is Blockhouse dock: the whole area came within the blockhouse property before it was disposed of in 1835


St. James’s Road
The big houses in Overcliffe had long gardens opening out into what is now St. James's Road.


Stone Street
Before the construction of New Road in 1801, what is now Stone Street was regarded as part of Gravesend Backside – which is now Princes Street.
1-4 Robert Pocock Pub. Site of the Rainbow Stores and which fronts onto Windmill Street
11 Trocerdero this is the back entrance, it fronts onto Windmill Street
16 Bridge Bar. This was the Brickmakers Arms. Open 1853 to 1910, then changed its name to the Station Hotel and later changed again to Bar 24.
21, 22, and 23 these rather posh stucco- fronted buildings used as offices and shops, were built in 1789 as Gravesend and Milton's workhouse. The two later end buildings were not part of the workhouse but were added in 1847 when the block was converted into houses and shops.
31 P. E. Lines and Co.'s .  Builder’s merchant’s yard.  Previously the site was a stable-and-cart yard
36 Shade’s Bakers. They were a family business from the 1950s. Miss Shade held elocution lessons above the shop.
Methodist Church. This is market on late 19th maps near the north end on the west side. This may be the building of 1800 built for the Oddfellows Friendly Society.  A number of Baptist groups met in 19th Stone Street in the 19th and there was possibly an Enon Chapel, and a school room. The hall was also used by a hay, straw and fodder merchant
Stable for livery and bait from the 1890s period. It was known as the Borough Mews and a horse-bus ran from here to Meopham, and on sometimes to Cobham.
Multi-storey car park, opened in 1976, dominates the west side of the street.


Stuart Road
When the railway was opened here the road was claimed as a private road and barred under the orders of Lord Darnley, the landowner who opposed it. Eventually the differences between the parties were settled
Pickford's Depository.  Furniture storage building for this national removal firm and carrier. Now in other use. From 1852 it was Hayward’s Mineral Water manufactory,
Fairfield Works. In the 1930s this was Wallis Builders Yard. They were a Maidstone based construction company. This appears to be what is now known as Lindfield House
Gravesham Place. Integrated care centre
Terminus Hotel. This opened in 1899 and closed in 1988. Now demolished. In the late 1950s and early 1960s a famous jazz club was based here. This featured George Chisholm, TV trombonist, Woolwich based Owen Bryce and clarinet player Sandy Brown,
West Street Station.   This opened in 1886 as ‘Gravesend Station’ by the London Chatham and Dover Railway on the same day as Tilbury Docks. There had been some discussion over the eventual siting of the terminus which was changed finally to Stuart Road. It had two platforms in a V shape and another going to a riverside pier. At the base of the triangle were a station house, a goods yard, and a turntable. It was originally intended to have a station nearer to the High Street, but this was never built. It had originally been started by the Gravesend Railway Co. In 1899 it was renamed Gravesend West. In 1916 a boat train service from Victoria began to meet Batavia Line boats here but this stopped in the Second World War. From 1953 it was used by goods trains only and closed in 1968. There was an attempt to re-open it by the North Downs Steam Railway in 1987.
Signal Box. This was an all-timber two-storey-high box at the south western end of the layout, where the double-track line fanned out into numerous sidings. As a terminus there was a fifty-foot turntable on the opposite side of the lines to the box and there was also a water tower.
Goods area. Sidings from the line fanned out to the south terminating at Stuart Road.  Some used by coal merchants. After the Great War there was a decline in freight traffic and the closure of industrial sidings. The Southern Railway concentrated goods traffic here to relieve Gravesend Central and the North Kent Line.  There is now a building and household supplies supermarket on the site

Terrace Street
1 Greyhound. This was a Russell’s, then Truman’s, House. It opened before 1841 and closed in 1971. Demolished.
8 Elias Warner. This shrimp merchant was there in the 1930s
10 Royal Standard. This was a Charrington House opened before 1846 and closed 1960 and later demolished.
18 Horn of Plenty. This was open before 1848 and closed in 1914. It has since been demolished
Thames Way
This new road out of Gravesend to the south and west is largely built on the trackbed of the West Street railway line.


Town Pier
The Town Pier stands at the junction of the two parishes of Gravesend and Milton.  The causeway beneath the old Town Pier may have been Milton's hythe.  The earliest mention of a landing-place after Domesday is in 1286 when it is mentioned in connection with a storm and in complaints on it condition made in 1293. In 1767 the Corporation in built a wharf with a crane &c to land goods, and a substantial stone causeway.
Gravesend Town Pier.  This is said to be the oldest remaining cast iron pier in the world. It was designed by engineer William Tierney Clark, and built by William Wood of Gravesend.  It comprised a terrace granite quayside and an open decked promenade. At the end was a T head with two open sided pavilions and steps down to the river. It was opened in 1834 and served the cross ferry service as demand fluctuated over the next 170 years. In the mid 1840s the promenade and end section were enclosed and the steps replaced by a floating pontoon. Bur in the 20th much of the 19trh panelling was removed as was some of the ironwork. 1980s flood defence work obliterated the granite quayside.  By 2000 it was privately owned and dilapidated and it was then bought by Gravesham Council and a restoration scheme undertaken – hopefully to include a restaurant and the ferry – as well as other visiting boat services of various kinds
Cross ferry. The Gravesend-Tilbury ferry is one of the oldest ferries in the country. It is not as well documented as the Long Ferry and has no charter.  It was owned by the lords of the manors of Tilbury and Parrock. By 1540 the original landing places were replaced by a causeway at the Three Crowns in West Street while on the Essex side's ownership changed to Tilbury Fort.  In 1694 the Gravesend Corporation purchased both the Manor of Parrock and the ferry. The Cross Ferry continued throughout the 18th and early 19th without major changes but the relationship with the Board of Ordnance and Gravesend Corporation in running the ferry was often very stormy. Following complaints in 1850 Gravesend Corporation said the ferry needed to be under one management and the Board agreed to lease it to them. No improvement resulted.  The whole lease passed to Peto, Betts and Brassey of the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway in 1856.  As steam vessels replaced the wherries the causeway at The Three Crowns became obsolete and in 1854 the Town Pier was adapted to deal with the ferry.  The railway company then ran from the Town Pier using paddle steamers and the Corporation charged the railway company to use it.  So the railway company built West Street Pier but in 1884 purchased the Town Pier and the ferry rights in 1884 from the Corporation.  The Town Pier was then used for passengers and West Street Pier was used for freight. In 1914 the Midland Railway Company bought the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway and the ferry.  New boats were introduced. In 1961 new diesel ferries replaced the steamers but in 1964 the Dartford Tunnel meant the closure of the vehicle ferry and a decline in the passenger service.  In 1969 the passenger ferry moved from the Town Pier to West Street Pier.
Long Ferry.  The Long Ferry was always lucrative although safety was often ignored and there were some bad accidents. An Act in 1737 limited boats to 40 passengers.  Until the 16th the Long Ferry used square sail barges and then tilt boats, wherries, and peter boats. By 1815 steam boats which led to an increase in passengers. The Long Ferry, however, declined after the railways linked Gravesend and London in 1845
7 Three Daws. Dating from 1565 this is said to be oldest public house in Gravesend, with many passages and stairs to aid smugglers and those hoping to escape the press gang. Its earlier name was the Cornish Chough, and before that the Three Cornish Choughs. It may have been associated with pilgrims crossing the river en route to Canterbury; the three Cornish Choughs are on the Canterbury arms. It was originally five wood fronted cottages probably dating from 1501or earlier.  Its wooden structure thought to be the work of shipwrights. Once used as a hotel it had eleven bedrooms, connected by five staircases. It remains open
Pier Hotel. This is on the site of The Christopher which is mentioned in a will of 1476. This pub was removed in 1828 when the Town Pier square was laid out. The Pier Hotel dates from 1829.
Haunch of Venison. This pub was here in 1828
Town Wharf. In the 1950s this included T.J.Metcalf & Sons. Wharfingers, Barge owners and ballast merchants

Wakefield Street
This is now under the St.George’s Centre
39-40 Reindeer. This pub as open in 1849 and closed in 1964. It was a Truman’s House
49 Queens Head. This pub was open in 1842 and closed in 1960


West Street
West Street was subject to wholesale demolitions in the 1950s and 1960s to widen the road as a by pass to the town centre and for slum clearance. It was once a shopping street – including shops selling locally caught brown shrimps and others selling herring, kippers and haddock smoked on the premises – and many many pubs. A slum clearance scheme of the 1920s cleared the area between West Street and Church Street and other clearances followed.
1 Warner, shrimp merchants here in the 1930s
1 Royal Oak. This pub was here 1694-1741
2 Unicorn This pub was here 1612-1727. It was also called The Rose and Unicorn
9a William Sutherland. Shrimp merchant here in the 1930s
13 Blew Bell. This was at other times called the Cross Keyes or the Eagle and Child. It was present 1595-1732
27 Royal Exchange. This was also called the Three Mariners or the Shipwright’s Arms. This was present in 1872
36 Cock. This pub was present before 1666. The Mayor’s banquet was held here in 1834.  It later became the Trafalgar Tavern and closed in 1908.
47 Cod Smack or Fishing Smack. This pub was there 1795- 1824
48 Brewery.   William S. Plane had a brewery here before 1841 but it is possible that it was previously owned by a Mr Hazards. By 1858 Russell & Tillyer were the owners the brewery and wharf.  From 1894 it was known as Russell's Gravesend Brewery Ltd.  They expanded taking over the Writtle Brewery, Webb Brewery of Margate and Fleet Brewery of Ramsgate eventually having 175 tied houses.  In 1911 they absorbed the business of George Wood and Son Brewers in East Street.  In 1932 they were taken over, by Truman and their shrimp trademark replaced by the Truman eagle and the preemies used as a bottling plant. Eventually the site was closed and the maltings and proprietors house are now housing. The shrimp trademark from the brewery wall had been replaced on the flats.
50 Fisherman’s Arms. This dated from 1791 and is said to have a secret passage to The Three Daws. It closed in 1992 and is now an Indian restaurant.
53 Harwich Scoot.  This had been the Adam and Eve from 1633 until 1730 and was later the India Arms. This was present 1773-1783 1662-1794
Pelican. This pub was present 1633-1675
57 73-75 Starbucks Ships Chandlers Starbucks Chandlers, there for 350 years. William Starbuck came to Gravesend from Leicester in 1634. The family had a rope walk and a boat building business. They also had a very large sail loft, and also sold clothing.  The business continues
64 Flying Horse. It was there in 1632 until 1738. Later it was the Privateer which closed in 1914.
67 Bear and Ragged Staff. This pub was present 1711-1833 and was then known as The Beehive until it burnt down in 1846.  It was also at one time called the Prince Alfred.
68 Hen and Chickens. This was there 1649-1775
82/83, Three Crowns. This dated from 1632, was rebuilt in 1887 and closed in 1930. It was used as a headquarters by Gravesend Theatre Guild in the 1950s and 1960s.
87 New Falcon Family Hotel. The building could be seen from the river with a glass-fronted dining-room noted for its whitebait suppers and as the venue for mayoral banquets during the 19th.It had been called the Talbot before 1850 and had also been called Rum Puncheon’. It later became the New Falcon laundry, which survived until the early 1960s.
Red Lyon Brewhouse. This was present and destroyed in the 1727 fire
92 Melbourne Tavern. Opened 1853 and closed in 1913. Flats called Melbourne Quay are now on the site
93 Gravesend and District Ice and Cold Storage, Eversfield Wharf.  The plant here was installed by J.E.Hall in 1922 and described as ‘huge’ and owned by Beresford and Co,
94 Yacht Tavern. Present in 1857
96 Crown Shades. This was there from 1880 until 1934.
Golden Lyon. This stood next to the Christopher in 1496
Peter Boat or Galley. This pub was present in 1735
Ward and Green. Boat Builders and repairers of small craft. Present in the 1950s. They were next to the car ferry,
Milton Engineering Works.  They were set up during the Second World War and made roof trusses etc., and steel frame work of all sorts. Their services included the provision of mobile welding workshops.
West Street Welding and General Engineering Co. Another firm handling all sorts of steel work and welded fabrication
West Street Railway Pier.  Built for boat services to West Street Station before the Second World War this serviced boats from Holland via the Batavia Line.It later handled pleasure steamers for General Steam Navigation.  It is still there and apparently unused.
West Street Pier. This was built for the Cross ferry by London, Southend and Tilbury railway as a supplement to the Town Pier. Until 1965 this was the landing-place for the car ferries. The last two boats were the Minnie, built in 1927, and the Tessa, in 1924 but the opening of the Dartford tunnel meant they were obsolete. They had earlier been known for the transport of cattle boats and large large flocks of sheep. It has more recently been used by the Princess Pocahontas running river trips.
Clifton Slipways. In the 1950s this was a ship repair facility dealing with all sorts of vessels including tugs. They also made machinery of all sorts. The railway line used to run over the top of the site and the workshops are housed in the arches of the viaduct. It then became part of the Lay Group who as White Horse Fast Ferries had a contract to operate passenger ferries on the River Thames. The site here was established to build the ferries and was fully equipped including 3 laminating shops, a plating shop, an engine shop, an electrical shop and a boatshed. It was probably the largest boatbuilding operation on the tidal river.  Here they built high-speed ferries for a Gravesend to London service but went into receivership in 2000.  The boatyard closed and there is consent for housing.
Water gate– This is where Bath Street joins West Street.  In 1567 it was Spalding's Wharf. 
Metcalfe's wharf. Site of Nettleingham's Steam Flour mills.  They were corn and fodder factors. Later it was taken over by Pattullo, Higgs and Co., who imported nitrates here to use in fertilizer


Windmill Street
In the 18th this was known as Upper High Street.
Public Library. There has been a library in Gravesend since the early 1800's, with some early subscription ones.  In 1904 Gravesend was offered money for a library by Andrew Carnegie, The design was that of Edmund J. Bennett, A.R.I.B.A. from in Parrock Street, Gravesend and it was built by A. E. Tong of Darnley Road. The Ancaster stone building was opened in 1905. The first librarian was Alex J. Philip, F.L.A. who remained until 1946.
Plaza Cinema. This opened in 1911 with all seating on one oak panelled level.  In 1929, sound equipment, was installed. It was taken over by Union Cinemas in 1934. And then by Associated British Cinemas by 1937. It closed by in 1955 and became a shop
3a Borough Shades. This was open 1888 to 1988 and had a delicatessen in the front. It is now the HQ bar. It was then Ryan's Bar until 2008, and then R Bar until 2011
8-9 Munns. There has been a member of the Munns family trading in Gravesend since 1842 with the present shop opening in 1910 – and it is a classy art supplies shop – something you would never expect to find in Gravesend!!
168 Trocadero. Opened 1898 and in 2000 called the ‘New Troc’ but has reverted to its old name and opened and closed again since then.
181-183 Robert Pocock. Wetherspoons pub. It is in the old Rainbow Stores

Sources
British Listed Buildings. Web site
Bygone Kent
Cinema Treasures. Web site
Dover/Kent. Web site
Grace’s Guide. Web site
Gravesend Band Co. Web site
Gravesham Borough Council. Web site
Gravesend Historical Association. Transactions
Gravesend Guide Books
Greater London Authority, Web site
Green. Pubs of the Gravesend Area
Greenwich Industrial History. Web site
Hiscock. A History of Gravesend
Kent Rail. Web site
Lost Pubs Project. Web site
Pallant. The Gravesend West Branch
Pevsner and Cherry. West Kent
PLA Monthley
Port of London Magazine
Richmond and Turton. The Brewing Industry
Romance of the Amalgamated Press
Stoyel and Kidner. Cement Railways of Kent
Thames Tugs. Web site
Tolhurst and Hudson. Alfred Tolhurst

Edith had better admit to a Gravesend childhood – hence some otherwise unsourced are memories included

Riverside - south bank east of the Tower. Rosherville

$
0
0
Riverside south bank east of the Tower. Rosherville

Acres and acres of riverside dereliction, with some scandalous demolitions, awaiting 'regeneration' with tower blocks et al on a useful riverside.  Surrounded by an area which had pretensions and lost them - plus an ex resort and an art deco suburb that only Edith appears to have noticed


Post to the west Gravesend
Post to the south Perry Street
Post to the north Tilbury Docks

Burch Road
The road is named after Rosher’s father in law, Benjamin Burch, who was a Limehouse base lime merchant. It was laid out as part of Rosherville New Town in 1830 by H. E. Kendal, the architect
2-6 Houses which date from the first designs for the new town.
Entrance to Rosherville GardensAt the south-west corner of Lansdowne Square and on the bend in Burch Road. This entrance was flanked by a lodge and had a grand gateway topped with sphinxes. There is now a security gate and some dereliction around this area.
39 Rosherville Hotel. This was built for Jeremiah Rosher in connection with the gardens. At the foot of the road on the west side built by H. E. Kendal. This played its part in the Gravesend Yacht Week. On the ground floor was a bar called “Rosherville Shades”.  It was used as a hospital during the First World War and then became flats and was demolished about 1963.  The site now has a tile warehouse open to the public, and a clothing factory.
Rosherville V.A.D. Hospital.  At the outbreak of the Great War the Kent/42 and /92 Voluntary Aid Detachments quickly established two hospitals near Gravesend - and soon they were full. The long disused Rosherville Hotel was then requisitioned and opened in November 1914 with 64 beds for enlisted men. It was affiliated with the Graylingwell War Hospital in Chichester and had a fully equipped operating theatre, and a dispensary. The convalescent patients were entertained by the local population, who arranged whist drives, concerts, and river trips. It closed in 1919.
Shawline House. This is the remains of the hotel. It is a single storey flat roofed building of irregular shape. It was used as drawing offices and before that as a works canteen by Fleetway Press.The building is a remnant of the former Rosherville Hotel which was demolished in 1963.
60 Burch House.  This is shown on maps of the 1860s and marked as such. In the 1930s it was offices for the National Union of Paperworkers with a membership in nearby print works and paper mills.  It now appears to be flats.
Rosherville Court. This was the ‘big’ house built as part of Rosherville on the corner of the main road. It probably dated from around 1850 and was built by George Rosher.  It subsequently had a number of local businessmen and others as residents. By the 1930s it was the Research Department for British Portland Cement Association. Apex House is on the site
St.Mark's Vicarage. On the corner of Burch Road until 1964. A ragstone Gothic building in the same style as the church. It was demolioshed in 1968 and replaced by Apex House,
Apex House. Commercial office block built in the late 1960s presumably for Apex Construction, who make process equipment for the chemical engineering trade, but who left the site in 1988 for a base in Dartford.


Clifton Marine Parade
Slaves Alley.  Beneath the cliffs was a row of cottages, at right angles to the river known as Slaves Alley, in which the 'chalkies' lived
Hit or Miss Pub. The pub had this name in 1805 and it has been conjectured that it refers to a 17th bowling-green nearby, or by a rifle range for volunteer regiments here in the 1860s, or from archery practice in the garden.  The pub was rebuilt in 1929, closed in 1987 and demolished
Bycliffes. This house was built, probably by Cleverley, at the western end of his shipbuilding yard east of Slaves Alley.  It was lived in by a succession of industrialists, who had works on this site, including Gladdish, and Fletcher, and eventually became offices for the Imperial Paper Mills and eventually demolished.
Rails. The road ends at the Northfleet boundary.  Here were tramlines coming down from the chalk pits and lime works to the south and going to riverside wharves for transshipment.


Crete Hall Road
Crete Hall. This was on the east side of the later printing works. It sat in a little miniature park on the riverside with lawns at the back. It was built by Benjamin Burch about 1800 and was later the home of his son-in-law, Jeremiah Rosher. In 1905 it was bought by W. T. Henley’s Telegraph Works, Ltd... It was used as housing for their local manager, and was later used as offices, being demolished in 1937
W.T.Henley. The Henley submarine cable works had been set up in North Woolwich in 1859 and, in order to expand, bought the Crete Hall Estate in 1903.  This first Northfleet works made paper insulated power cables. In 1921 the Henley Tyre and Rubber Co made tyres and balls. They expanded through the 1920s to land in the south and eventually the whole of what had been Rosherville Gardens. In 1939 the site was cleared to build a factory for electrical distribution equipment. During the Second World War the Henley organisation played a major role in development and producing equipment including input into PLUTO.  In 1959 Henleys were taken over by AEI who were in turn taken over by GEC in 1967. In 1997 the cable operations passed to T T Electronics.  Most of the site is cleared but the art deco Engineering Building from 1939 possibly still remains with ship emblems in between windows.  When ships loaded cable it was run in a continuous length from the factory. The art deco research laboratory with ceramic tile decoration has also now gone. The whole site is to be developed for housing.
Fleetway Press. This had begun as Harmsworth's Printing Works opened in 1901 along with their paper making works at Imperial Paper Mills. In the 1960's it became part of the International Publishing Corporation and eventually the Reed Group. It was renamed as Fleetway Press.  Originally there were gas-powered generators, flat-bed and rotary presses, collators and binders.  The works undertook runs of weekly magazines with massive circulations.  By the 1960s it had been modernised with rotary letterpress, and a large sheet-fed offset-litho. They could fold and bind journals as well as produce unsewn paper-backs and children's annuals, and long run comics and weekly women’s magazines. The factory was demolished in 2013.
The Mount. This was a big house owned by Mr. Killick and standing between the Crete Hall Estate and industry. It was bought by Alfred Tolhurst.
British White Lead Company. This had been the Northfleet White Lead Company who had a works on land adjacent to London Road, previously owned by Tolhurst.
Imperial Portland Cement Co took over the white lead works in 1898 and the Little Dockyard to the north and made cement. By 1900 they were part of APCM.
Northfleet Power Station was a coal fired 720 MW power station opened in 1963 by Central Electricity Generating Board on the site of the Red Lion Cement Works. It was oil fired from 1970.  It had two five hundred foot chimneys and a wharf .It closed in 1991 and was demolished, although final demolition of foundations has only taken place in 2015
Red Lion. The current pub dates from around 1900. It now has an attached night club and loud music venue called Leo’s.
Red Lion. The old Red Lion public house was on a site nearer the river to the south of Red Lion Wharf and dated from 1723Sheeps Hill cottages were nearby.
Red Lion Cement Works. This was later the site of the Northfleet Power Station in the 1960's and 1970s. When Alfred Tolhurst built the Red Lion Cement Works about 1880 it had had a previous existence. There were two pits and a tramway which ran under the London Road in a Tunnel.  Tolhurst was a Gravesend solicitor.  He built the cement works in 1896 and was the first cement manufacturer to use locomotives to haul his chalk trucks. He exploited the Red Lion Works to sell chalk as ballast and for cement manufacture. The works became part of APCM in 1912 and was closed during the First World War
Red Lion Deepwater Wharf. In 1894 Tolhurst built the Deepwater Wharf, a wooden T-shaped structure jutting which enabled a large sailing vessel to operate from the wharf at low tide. It carried a tramway and had tipping facilities. Locomotives replaced horses.  The site was not used between the wars but in the Second World War concrete anti-aircraft towers were built here. These  were the 4,500 ton reinforced concrete floating forts designed by Guy A. Maunsell placed in the Thames Estuary to deter enemy mine laying. The first fort was towed down the river in 1942 followed by three more - Shivering Sands, Red Sand Fort and Nore Fort. They are five stalked towers in a star shape with four legs and joined by a walkway.   Holloway Brothers then constructed twenty one towers for the Army, also to be placed in the Thames Estuary to deter German Aircraft. The Red Lion Wharf site was used for the construction of reinforced concrete Floating Dry docks and a single Normandy Bombardment Tower, all designed by Guy Maunsell. The site was finally cleared when the generating station was built in 1951.
Gravesend Welding and Electrical Engineering Ltd. This company which existed from at least the 1920s employed 140 men and in the Second World War and made gun carriages as well and components of Mulberry Harbours.  In peacetime they made machinery of many sorts and also electrical equipment. They had factories here and in Sittingbourne.
Imperial Cement Company's works adjoining Red Lion and closed in the Great War.


Fountain Walk
This is an estate built in the 1960's on the site of large houses which had been demolished.  Flats called Rosher House, owned by the Gravesend Churches Housing Association were built in the late 1970's on the site of St Mark’s church. The entrance road which replaces the tower has a fountain from which the estate takes its name.


Lansdowne Square
Laid out as part of the scheme for Rosherville New Town in 1830, by H. E. Kendal. It was planned as a block of four large villas - 1-8 - surrounded by open space and then terraces and having a strong relationship to the pier which lies downhill of the houses and the river.


London Road
Immediately after crossing the parish boundary the name of the road changes from Overcliffe to London Road.
Rosherville Schools. This small flint school was built in 1871, as church schools by the Rosher family. It became a junior mixed and infant school in 1937.
Tunnel under London Road which now carries Rosherville Way. This dates from about 1870 and carried a tram way from the riverside cement works to pits to the south.
Lodge. This stood at the north side of the road from where a path now descends northwards, This was a road known as the Coach Road and is said to have been a private carriage drive to Crete Hall,
27 Fox and Hounds. Pub which dated from 1839 and has been demolished, probably since 2000.
52 Nisa and post office.  This was once St Marks Social Club
75-81  Shops. This parade of shops, though neglected, are in a pretty art deco style, like so much of this part of Rosherville and very much reflects its period.
Bus Depot. Until about 1930 the site was Johnson's dairy farm. The bus depot was built here to replace an old tram depot in Old Dover Road, which had been compulsory purchased by London Transport along with the buses and routes. It opened in 1937 having been planned for 85 vehicles. It was the first London Transport Country Bus garage to have a staff canteen and also included office accommodation for district staff in a pretty art deco entrance block. There was some air raid accommodation and facilities for dealing with contaminated buses.  Room for expansion was included. The garage is now owned by Arriva.
Rosherville Substation. This was the Northfleet sub station for the Gravesend electric works and the Gravesend coat of arms remain on the building. It is enclosed by the original railings. The supply was extended to Northfleet in 1907. It is still in use as part of UK Power Networks
Rosherville Halt.  This was opened in 1886 by the London, Chatham and Dover Railway to serve Rosherville Gardens and tickets could include admission to the gardens. The West Street railway line went under road in a tunnel.  The station was in a cutting with an island platform and had wide staircases because they expected big crowds. There was a second entrance.  .  In 1886 on Whit Monday 14,000 people visited the gardens which closed in 1910. The station closed in 1933 July. 
Signal box. This was in a recess in the cutting wall. 
The stationmaster's house remained on the bank but now appears to have gone.
Labour Exchange. This closed in 1973 when new offices were opened in The Grove
Fountain Court. This estate marks the site of the London Road entrance to Rosherville Gardens. The garden entrance, built to open in 1864, had a tower with a clock with chimes which played tunes. It was replaced by circular windows. The tower was demolished in 1938, but the entrance remained with its wall plaques until 1965. Remains of the Upper Walk and steps in the cliffs can be seen at the end of the housing estate, and the urns and statues now forming part of the ornamental gardens come from there,.
Rosherville Gardens. Cliff top entrance with a platform, terrace walls, tunnel and stairs to the Gardens built in 1869 by James Pulham and Sons in Pulhamite over brick, clunch and plaster. The staircase leads into a 17 metre sloping tunnel excavated in the chalk. The platform has terrace walls, balustrades and places for statues. One arch in the tunnel once went to an Ionic temple.  Ultimately it now leads out onto the cliff
St. Mark's. This modern church replaces one built in 1855 which was demolished in 1976. The architects were Messrs. H. and E. Rose, and it was paid for by the Rosher family. It was built of Kentish rag which weathered very badly, and extensive repairs were carried out in 1896 under W. and C. A. Bassett Smith, when the four stone angels which stood on supports round the spire were removed. The new church was built in 1977 and included some stained glass windows saved from the original church. The new church was built to be used both as a church as a community centre. The sanctuary can be closed with a screen. It was extended in 1997 to include a room for small group activities and meetings
War memorial. This is outside the new church centre and comes from the original church.
106 Elephant’s Head Pub. This probably dated from 1843. An elephant's head was the crest of the Rosher family. The pub is now apparently Sikh owned along with the two Asian food shops adjacent.


Marina Drive,
Site was until about 1930 a small dairy farm known as Johnson's. The houses were built, like the rest of Rosherville in this period, in an art deco style.


Overcliffe
House with gate posts that appear to come from a previous site. May be a path which went down to Bycliffes??
Walkways down the cliff side to Thames Way below. Tunnel is that provided for the Gravesend West Line to run under the road.


Pier Road
Laid out as part of a scheme for Rosherville New Town in 1830, by H. E. Kendal.
32-39 Full Gospel Church. In the 1930s this was known as the Glad Tidings Hall.  It appears to date from between the wars.


Rosherville Gardens
Rosherville Gardens. These were laid out in 1837 by George Jones in a disused chalk pit on a site bounded by Crete Hall Road, London Road, and Burch Road. He had leased the land from Rosher and set up the "Kent Zoological and Botanical Gardens", which were intended as a botanical garden and educational project. It was to become a popular resort of Londoners. Gardens were laid out with flower beds, paths and many attractions. From 1842 it was renamed Rosherville Gardens. Visitors coming by boat via Rosherville Pier entered from Burch Road but in 1869 a new entrance was made from the London Road with steps inside a tunnel to the gardens below. The remains of this entrance have now been listed.  There was a maze, a hermitage, a lookout tower and a Gothic Hall with Baron Nathan who was the Master of Ceremonies. The Hall was used as a restaurant, ballroom and theatre.  An outdoor dancing platform was built outside it in 1860 and later a Drawing Room Theatre and later Bijou Theatre. An open-air stage was built by the dancing platform. Entertainments included fireworks, tightrope walkers, balloon ascents and a gypsy fortuneteller.  There was much else. In 1872 George Jones died and the gardens were taken over by the Rosherville Gardens Company Ltd. Gradually less people came to the gardens despite in 1886 the provision of Rosherville Halt. In 1900 Rosherville Gardens went bankrupt and re-opened following changes in 1903. However the site continued to lose money and closed in 1913. In 1914 they were the location of a film made by the Magnet Film Company, which planned to make more films there, but the Great War intervened. In 1924 five acres of land were sold to T Henley's Cable Works and in 1939 they bought the rest of the land and the gardens were completely cleared. Recently all 20th building on the site of the Rosherville Gardens have also been completely removed.
Bear Pit. The bear pit of 1837 has recently been excavated and listed. It was an open bear pit with four attached chambers or dens.


Rosherville Place
This tiny row of shops and a pub was on The Shore, facing the river at the bottom of pier road and below the balustrade which continued above it. It has now been demolished, probably in the 1970s – since known families were living there until then. This is probably what was also called ‘Teapot Row’.
1 British Tar. Russell’s Brewery house extant from 1851 until 1914.


Rosherville Way
By pass road from the river southwards on the line of a tram line from the Red Lion Cement Works to pits south of the London Road.

Thames Way
New Road built on the line of the West Street Railway Line


The Shore
Rosherville Place. Shops and a pub built at the eastern end
Rosherville Pier. This was built at the foot of Burch Road in 1840 to bring visitors to the gardens. It was designed by the architect H.E.Kendall for Jeremiah Rosher. The quay walls are constructed in stone rubble with stuccoed gate piers. The steps are of York stone. There is a central entrance in the quay wall with steps leading down to the drawdock, which goes under the road.  The pier which ran from here was wooden.
Drawdock with lower walls of coursed stone
Mine-watching post from the Second World War in yellow brick with a concrete roof.
Ferry from this pier to Tilbury in the mornings and a return trip at night for those who lived at Rosherville and travelled to London by the London, Tilbury and Southend railway.


Undershore
The Old Sun. Believed to have been present by 1766 but rebuilt in 1905. Now closed and flats and offices, but manages to look open.


Sources
Bygone Kent
DoverKent. Web site
Fountain Walk Residents News. Web site
Glazier. London Transport Garages
Gravesend Historical Society, Transactions
Gravesham Borough Council. Web site
Historic England. Web site
Lost Hospitals of London. Web site
Northfleet Heritage Trail. Web site
Romance of the Amalgamated Press
Stoyel and Kidner.  The Cement Railways of Kent
Tolhurst and Hudson. Alfred Tolhurst
Turner.  The W.T.Henley Telegraph Works.

Again Edith must confess to her Gravesend childhood - with a father who worked at one of these factories and houses visited in these streets. So some unsourced memories here.

Riverside - south bank east of the Tower. Northfleet

$
0
0
Riverside – south bank east of the Tower. Northfleet

A strip of an old village and industrial suburb surrounded by deep chalk workings and riverside dereliction - the biggest cement works in the world demolished less than thirty years after it opened ending cement manufacture in the area where it was developed. The Kimberley Clark tissue mill keeps the paper making tradition alive.  Northfleet remains, with the most respectable local pub recommended as 'a good place to go if you want a punch-up' - however, and amazingly, it has the two most important churches in Gravesend, right next door to each other.

Post to the east Rosherville
Post to the north Tilbury Ness
Post to the west Stonebridge
Post to the south Springhead Road

Church Path
St Botolph's National School was on this path behind the church. It opened, in 1838 with the infants’ school following in 1869.  In 1936 it became a Primary (Mixed) School and in the 1980s the  school moved to a different site in Dover Road.
Vicarage. This was built on the site of the school in the 1970s

Council Avenue
26/27 St Peter’s Nursing Home.  This was Northfleet House built by Thomas Sturge for himself with his sister Esther. Later occupied by Alfred Tolhurst, who had entrance gates with polished whale harpoons on them.  Became offices and Town Hall for Northfleet Urban District Council. It is now a nursing home.
Council houses. In the grounds of Northfleet House the first council houses in Northfleet were built in 1926.


Crete Hall Road
This area of Northfleet between the London Road and the river had been acquired by members of the Calcraft family in the early 19th. A description of the site from 1818 says that 17 lime kilns were burning here on land rented from John Calcraft.
Pitcher Shipyard. The area between the road and the river was the site of Pitcher's dockyard. It was laid out by Thomas Pitcher in 1788 on ground levelled as a result of chalk workings. The first launch, that of The Royal Charlotte 123 tons took place on 2 November 1789. In 1813 the Russian fleet was refitted in this yard. The yard was closed in 1825, but re-opened by William and Henry Pitcher, sons of the founder, in 1839, and became one of the largest yards on the river. For some years steamships were built here for the Royal Mail Packet Co., as well as for the government during the Crimean War. The yard finally closed in 1861. A scheme for much larger docks, including a dock large enough to take the Great Eastern was featured in the Illustrated London News in April 1859, but nothing came of it. Largest dock of 500 ft x 74ft and could take Brunel’s Great Western.  Ultimately however the yard was too far from the new engine builders and had no engine maintenance facilities. They also lacked some of the skills as iron hulls became more usual. Mare ran the yard for the Receiver
Northfleet Castle.  Pitcher built a castellated house and gate using material from Old London Bridge. It was a feature of the waterside and was used as offices by Bowater’s in 1926. It was demolished in 1934 although some walls remained.  Illustrations also show an area surrounded by a castellated wall to the east of the gateway and grand buildings facing the river.
Bowater’s Thames Paper Mills, The Company was founded by William Bowater who was a City paper wholesaler. Their first paper manufacturing site was at Northfleet in 1914 but because of the war and design flaws it did not open until 1925. The firm was then led by Eric Bowater and following a deal with Rothermere the firm expanded and opened other mills. By the end of 1930 the output of Bowater's mills was 22 percent of the UK's total output, soon it was 60 percent and they had become the largest newsprint undertaking in Europe and were expanding worldwide. During the Second World War the Northfleet mill closed down completely. But after the war they became the Bowater Paper Corporation and by the mid-1950s were the largest producer of newsprint in the world. They then began to move into tissue production as Bowater-Scott Corporation, with the Scott Paper Company of Philadelphia and a new tissue mill was built at Northfleet designed by Farmer and Dark in 1956.  Expansion world wide continued. After Eric Bowater died over capacity in U.K. newsprint was tackled by the conversion of machines to other types of paper making, and eventually by closures, including Northfleet paper mill in 1973. 
Kimberley Clark Tissue Mill. In 1986, Bowater sold Bowater-Scott to Scott Paper, and in 1995, the US giant Kimberly-Clark purchased them. The Northfleet site continues to manufacture Andrex bathroom tissue
Water tower. Designed by Farmer and Dark and built in 1957. For this they won the Royal Society of British Architects Bronze Medal for 1956-59. The contractors were Higgs and Hill. Said to be still in use despite apparent poor current state.
Caley Bank. Until 1955 there was a column of chalk and clay some 80 feet in height, which had been left by the early chalk diggers. When the dockyard was in operation a flagstaff stood on the top and small cannon which was fired when launches took place. It was demolished by Bowater’s to make space for new buildings but one of the Kimberley Clark buildings is ‘Callybank House’.
Northfleet Thames Terminal. Owned by Kimberley Clark. This is a Deep Water Jetty with a barge bay and an open storage area. It has approval for forest products and is used by Kimberley Clark and customers.


Dock Row
Dock Row originally ran from the site of the Crete Hall roundabout north towards the river. The first houses here were built in about 1789/90 by Thomas Pitcher as accommodation for the workers in his ship yard. The row included the Royal Charlotte inn, and it was later extended. The houses were demolished in the 1930's.
Weslyan Chapel
29 Royal Charlotte Inn. This pub was named after first East Indiamen built by Pitcher. An annual fair and sports known as Royal Charlotte Fair were held here in the 1830s. A new inn, also called the Royal Charlotte was added at the end of the row in 1830/35., but the pub remained until the 1950's

Dover Road
Ye Olde Leather Bottle. Said to be a ghost in the bar every night. The first record of this pub is 1706.  It has acted as a local landmark – where the trams, or whatever, start and finish.


Granby Road
For most of the length of the road this is a footpath only with barriers at either end.
Gay & Blackman brickworks. Northfleet brickfield which in the 1870s was worked by Messrs. Gay and Blackman. It later belonged to George Austin and had a small wharf at the foot of Granby Road.
Engine House. At the bottom of the road was a building called the Mill House. Demolished in 1954, it was apparently erected as an engine house for a stationary engine used to haul trucks.
Tunnel under the road. This runs under from the cement factory site to the 19th shooting range. It has a high flint wall to stabilise the cliff and prevent chalk falls. It is also usually high inside because it was extended down as the pit was dug deeper.


High Street
From the 16th, this was known as Bow Street,
Vineyard Pit. To the west of St. Botolph's Church there was at one time a cherry orchard called 'Vineyard Field', and it is said that the Archbishop of Canterbury had a vineyard here in the 14th.
Church Path Pit. This pit was dug on the site in the 1860s.  An electronic substation was later installed in it. When the new cement works was built in 1968 a rail connection went through to the works via this pit and new tunnels dug under the main road and a double-track loop line laid.
1-2 Granby Place. These houses date from about 1830.  They are on the site of Northfleet's Manor House.  Granby Place was built as two houses but for a while it was used as one.
Northfleet Manor House which stood behind a high wall.  There was originally also a tithe barn and a farm hare, the manor house was used by archbishops for overnight stays. The earliest known date for it is 1726 and in the late 18th it was used as a school. In 1819 it became the Northfleet workhouse until that was moved to Strood in 1836.  It later again became a school and then a private asylum.  It seems to have gone out of use in the 1880s and demolished in 1909. The garden became part of the churchyard
Car repair garage. Part of the wall between the garage and the old vicarage grounds is mediaeval and is the surviving wall of the manor farm
The vicarage. The building was not lived in and neglected in the 17th and 18th and replaced in 1834. This was demolished in 1961 and relocated elsewhere.
Bow House, this was the south side of the road in the early 19th opposite the present site of the Factory Hall. It was intended as a bazaar, but because it was never finished was known locally as a Folly. It was eventually demolished and the land added to the grounds of Northfleet House by Thomas Sturge.
Lawn House or Northfleet Lodge was built on the corner of Lawn Road and High Street in the early 19th. It was later used for Mechanics Institute meetings and social events. Northfleet Local Board used it from 1876 for their monthly meetings. It was demolished in 1900.
Den's Diner. On the Lawn Road corner. Open air eating.
Edinburgh Castle pub. On the other corner of Lawn Road, probably dates from the 1870s. Probably still open.
Cinema. The Astoria Cinema opened in 1929, replacing the Northfleet Cinema which dated from 1912. And which had closed the previous day. The Astoria Cinema, was run by Lion Cinematograph Ltd.  It had a dance hall and café. The building ran parallel because otherwise it would have fallen into the pit to the rear. By 1936 it had been re-named Strathconia Cinema, and in 1940 it was re-named Star Cinema, and was soon after it was re-named Wardona Cinema. This closed in 1957. The Astoria Dance Hall continued until around 1960 run as a dance school by Miss Marjorie Shade. The building was demolished and there is now a petrol station there, the Astoria garage
Factory Hall. Once called the Blue Circle Club and most recently called Portlands.  It was opened in 1878 and built at the expense of Thomas Bevan by architects Parr and Strong for Bevan's eldest son, Robert's, coming of age. Before 1945, the club was open to all members of the public and was a cultural centre for Northfleet. The building has a grand frontage and the roof lies behind a tall, elaborately decorated parapet with a central coat of arms. It also has early examples of Portland cement decoration. It had two halls, games room, sports facilities, a library and the headquarters of the Northfleet Choral Society plus numerous other local societies were all accommodated. Outside were a bowling green and an outdoor swimming pool opened in 1907. The pool was on the site of the current car park
Lawn Schools.  The Northfleet Primary School or Lawn Road School was the first Board School built in Northfleet. Within two months of the first meeting of the School Board in 1884 they had purchased land between Lawn and Factory Roads, including the sites of the King's Head and Marquis of Granby. Lawn Road School opened in 1886 designed by James Walford in 1893. New buildings included a clock tower - the first public clock in Northfleet – it was demolished following damage in the 1987 storm. There is a plaque to ex-pupil Ted Ditchburn who played football for England
90 Kings Head Pub. This dated from 1710 and was demolished in 1885 for school building.

Lawn Road
Sure Start Centre. Little Gems
31 Dorset Arms. This pub opened in 1851 and closed in 1952.
Flint retaining wall to hold the houses with tunnels built into then.  There are about 30.some are modern and the earlier ones have had many uses.


London Road
1 Library. The building, now flats, was a public library run by Kent County Council. Earlier there had been a sawpit and carpenter's yard in the field here. The building has a perimeter flint wall with a blocked older gateway – which was presumably a garden entrance.
Northfleet County Youth Club. This was in the house next to the Library from the late 1940's to the 1970's. It was originally for boys, but in 1956-1957 it was opened to girls.
Viewing platform on the north side of the road overlooking the river
Electricity junction box cabinet from the early 20th stands on the corner with The Hill.

The Hill
This area is the historic centre of Northfleet with the church and the village green,
Toll Gate. This would have stood roughly where Church Path leaves to the south. It was set up by the Turnpike Trust in 1860 as an additional gate to try to increase the tolls for the road which had been falling since the opening of the railway. The gate was financially successful, but only lasted until 1871 when the Trust was wound up. It was on the site of the village stocks and parish pound
Village pound and stocks. These would have stood in front of the Catholic Church
Northfleet Horse Tram depot. Catholic Church was built on its site. This dated from 1881. The line was extended in 1889 to Huggen's College in 1889 when there were 5 trams and 14 horses operating a half-hourly service on a single track line. It was followed by a short experimental electric line which also ran from the Leather Bottle to Huggins College in early 1889 built by Brush. Two cars were built and the system was electrically arranged to operate in series, as opposed to the parallel method that became normal. There seems to be some doubt as to whether this was ever a true public service since it had ceased by late 1890. The tramway was taken over by the Gravesend and Northfleet Electric Tramways Ltd. in 1901 with a new depot in Old Dover Road.
Our Lady of Assumption. Roman Catholic Church.  Dramatic building a bleak brown brick monolith known locally as ‘the square church’. It replaced Our Immaculate Mother & St Joseph in Rose Street.  It was built in 1914 on the site of the horse tram depot as a memorial to Alfred Tolhurst, solicitor and cement manufacturer. The architect was Giles Gilbert Scott, and the builder was J. B Lingham who lived locally. It is seen as an important building foreshadowing some of Scott’s more famous works – Bankside Power Station/Tate Modern in particular.
Wooden staircase. This was on the other sides of the road to the church leading down to the Volunteers Rifle Brigade practise grounds.
5-6 Alma Cottages built about 1860 and replacing weatherboarded buildings.
7 in the 19th this was a butchers shop with a slaughterhouse to the rear.
14-15 Dove. This was burnt down in 1906
Village Green. This is the area now used as a car park which between the wars was a site for the War Memorial. In the north west corner was a well. Fairs were held here until the early 19th. There was also a wooden weighbridge here for cattle to be taken through the tollgate.
War Memorial, This was erected on the green in 1923 surrounded by railings. It has now been moved to near the lych gate
Northfleet Veterans club. The club is used by the council for voluntary service as well as many local organsiations.
25 Coach and Horses–This is said to date from 1572 and together with the shop next door made up a house, It was known as the Three Horse Shoes 1686 - 1764
Car Park. This is on the area of what was the council yard and fire station
Pit. The pit to the west of the church was at one time a cherry orchard and a field here was called Vineyard Field, a reminder that the Archbishop of Canterbury had a vineyard at North fleet in the 14th century
Forge. This is where horses were shod until the 1930s.  It was on the north side of the road east of Granby Road
St Botolph’s. This is a big church on a Saxon foundation and there is Roman material in the walls. Its massive Norman tower collapsed in 1628 – it was built without proper foundations - and a new one was built using the original material and has eight bells. The church is a virtually complete structure of the early 14th on an impressive scale. There were 13 ancient brasses although only three are left. There is however a model of the Royal Charlotte.
Churchyard. There is an obelisk to almshouse builder Huggins. Ship builder William Pitcher is buried in the northwest corner.
39 Queen's Head was The Crown which dated from 1626 and had extensive grounds with a bowling green to the rear. It was burnt down in 1830 and rebuilt and rebuilt again in 1909.
31 The Heritage. This is thought to be the oldest house now standing here which was formerly the White Hart, later called the Plough Inn
29 Marquis of Granby this was at the top of Granby Road, built in 1886 and closed 1925
Labour Board office built on the site of the Marquis of Granby in the 1950s
Deaves. This building was built by the Local Board as local authority offices in 1884.  In 1920 Northfleet Urban District Council left these offices and sold it to the co-op. They built a new frontage out into the road and used it as a shop with a hall above let out for hire.


The Shore
This is essentially a public footpath crossing a wide expanse of derelict open space with some riverside activity to the north.
Northfleet Cement Works. This opened in 1970 and was on the now derelict site. It was the biggest cement works in Europe. By 1960, the Associated Portland Cement Manufacturers had many cement making plants in this area, in 1967 it was decided to consolidate them into one large works on site of Bevan’s Works. Construction began in 1968 for a cement plant with six kilns with an output of four million tonnes of cement a year of which 20% was for overseas markets. In 1969 the first kiln became operational. Despite impressive figures, the export market was slowing down, and to cut costs half the number of kilns at the Northfleet Works were closed down by 1980.  As costs continued to rise kilns were modified which led to increased energy costs. Economic recession in 1991 led to a fall in output and by 1993, Northfleet Works was working with just one kiln. A second kiln reopened at Northfleet in 1994 in response to demand, but rail operations and excavation at Western Quarry ended. In 2001 Blue Circle Industries was purchased outright by the French Lafarge Group. Northfleet’s long association with cement production ended in 2008, when the works closed. The chimneys were brought down in 2010. There is now a large empty space.
Rail links. In 1969 plans were made for a direct connection between the new cement works and the North Kent Line via a chalk pit on the south of the London Road. A double-track loop line would curve around the perimeter of the cement works, in a continuous loop which meant that trains could exit without the need to reverse. This came into use in 1970. As the works began to close down cement delivery ended and by 1993 the loop line and sidings went out of use. All this was cut back and abandoned when Lafarge took over Blue Circle and the CTRL was built.
Bevan’s Works. This plant was the fifth on the Thames, second only in size during the 19th and early 20th, It was set up when William Aspdin fell out with his partners at Robins Works. Bevan’s was built on identical lines on what had been a brickfield adjacent to Robins.  There was little innovation before APCM took over using wet process bottle kilns throughout. In 1864 there were 17 kilns and another ten had been added by 1903, when some were demolished to make way for the rotary kilns which followed shortly after the formation of APCM . The original rotary kilns were cleared in 1922 to make way for what was the the largest APCM installation of the time, in the 1920s. Demolition of the previous kilns, took five years, and Blue Circle found it difficult to maintain supply. Bevan’s was then until 1929 the largest UK plant. The plant was shut down in 1970, with much of the cement handling and wharfage incorporated into the adjacent Northfleet site. The river was used for most of its transportation with the best deep water jetty on the south bank and it was Blue Circle's main exporting plant. A late 1950s kiln stack remained until demolished in 2010.
Bevan’s Wharf. Until the early 1980s this was busy loading bulk carriers with cement and clinker. This is said not to be in use and Lafarge intend to demolish it
42 Wharf. So named because of its 42 feet depth. Until the early 1980s, this was busy loading bulk carriers with cement and clinker. It is jmo0re modern that the Bevan’s Wharf and uses for it are planned.
Lafarge riverside office block. This has the PLA scanner on it.
London Portland Cement Works. This works was to the east of the Bevan works. It was opened in 1868 by J.C. Gostling and solid in 1876 to the London Portland Cement Co.  It became part of APCM in 1900 but closed in 1908. This works had a private siding from the West Street main rail line and a tramway to pits south of the London Road.
Northfleet Upper lighthouse. This was on the west end of the Associated Portland Cement Company's jetty in 1926 and maintained by Trinity House and was 29 feet high. In 1972 it was replaced with a modern light contained in a room on the roof of the 8 storey office block which now belongs to Lafarge Cement UK Ltd at Bevan’s Wharf. It is still used.
Northfleet Lower lighthouse Trinity House established a light here in 1859 to guide inward bound vessels around the bend from Gravesend Reach to Northfleet Hope. In 1883 the current lighthouse was placed on India Arms Wharf near the pub and was a white occulting light of 10 seconds visible for 6 miles. A red painted iron framework tower is 53 feet high with the light at 48 feet above High Water.  This was unmanned and was inspected three times a fortnight by Trinity House officer. It was originally lit by acetylene while sun valve ensured that the light was off during daylight hours.  It was later converted to town gas and in 1975 converted to the shore electricity supply,
7 India Arms. This was at the foot of Lawn Road and was built by 1780. It was a large and impressive building facing the river. It closed in 1978
Small fort. This was adjoining the pub and built by Major Birch in 1795. It had four guns manned by the Northfleet Volunteers, who also at the time of the Nore Mutiny manned the Gravesend blockhouse.
Cranes
Howard House.  On the waterside was a red brick Queen Anne house, so named after Jeremiah Howard, a lime merchant. It was built about 1717 for Francis Mackreth, himself a lime merchant.
Howard Square, to the east was a small square of late-18th houses occupied mostly by customs officers and watermen.
Bevan’s war memorial. This stands isolated in the middle of the dereliction. It was designed by Francis William Doyle-Jones, it is a concrete memorial with a seated art deco Britannia in robes and armour with crested helmet, her cloak draped over the back of her throne. The throne stands on a cubed plinth with a bronze plaque which says 'GREAT WAR 1914-1918/EMPLOYEES OF BEVANS WHO MADE THE SUPREME SACRIFICE THEIR NAMES LIVETH FOR EVERMORE' and it lists the names and occupations of the fallen..

Vicarage Drive
A small housing estate on the site of was the vicarage, built in 1834, on the site of an earlier one.  Demolished in 1961 when the present houses were built.


Sources
British Listed Buildings. Web site
Bygone Kent
Cement kilns. Web site
Cinema Treasures. Web site
DoverKent. Web site
GLIAS Newsletter
Grace’s Guide. Web site
Gravesend Historical Society, Transactions
Gravesham Borough Council. Web site
Hiscock. A History of Gravesend
Historic England. Web site
Kent Rail. Web site
Lighthouse compendium. Web site
Northfleet Heritage Trail. Web site
Northfleet History Group. Web site
St.Botolph's Church and Team Ministry. Web site
Our Lady of the Assumption. Web site
Smith. Defending London’s River
Stoyel and Kidner.  The Cement Railways of Kent
Tolhurst and Hudson. Alfred Tolhurst

Riverside - south bank east of the Tower. Botany Marshes

$
0
0
Riverside south bank east of the Tower.  Botany Marshes

What was once marshland with many many old and new industrial sites.  Somewhere hidden here is a theatre, with little information and or signage


Post to the south Stonebridge
Post to the east Tilbury Ness
Post to the north Northfleet Terminal

Lower Road
London Bus Company. Depot. They claim to be the leading supplier of vintage buses, operating the largest fleet in the country, offering classic red and green Routemaster buses, single deckers and open top vehicles. Amazing collection of buses.
Britannia House. Old Metal Refinery Studio Theatre. This is part of Walk Tall.  This is a therapeutic organisation and drama school.


Manor (Botany Road) Way
Britannia Metal Refiners. This company are refiners of lead and silver and have been in business since the 1950s.  They are now part of the Swiss based Xstra group.
Britannia Cement Works. This was Macevoy and Henry Holt's works which was built in the 1870s. They became a member of Associated Portland Cement Manufacturers in 1900.  It shut in 1902.
Britannia Terminal. Operated by Mowlem and handles plant and machinery
Tower Wharf. Seacon Terminals Ltd.  Tower Wharf. The wharf has two Berths one of which is covered. There are three 40-tonne gantry cranes operating on covered berth  and two 20-tonne harbour cranes on the main jetty as well as mobile cranes up to 500-tonnes. They have 32,700 square metres of covered storage space on a 22 acre site plus a temperature controlled warehouse for sensitive products. This is owned bit Seacon, a private company owned by the Roth family.  It Was Founded in 1955 as Sea & Continental Waterways Transport Ltd, Seacon
Northfleet Coal and Ballast Co. It is thought that they first opened the wharf in 1868. They dealt in coal, and later chalk,  transhipment. They eventually transferred to Thurrock
Kent Deep Water Wharf Co.  Which became Northfleet Deep Water Wharf Co. dealing with traffic from New Northfleet Paper Mills Ltd.  A new locomotive shed was opened in 19563.
Tower Portland Cement works. This was from 1873 to1880 Goreham, from 1881 to-1900 Tower Portland Cement Co. Ltd and then 1900 APCM (Blue Circle). It was otherwise known as Butchard’s Works. There were six chamber kilns in 1890 Increased later to sixteen. The plant used water transport, although a rail link was later made.
A railway came from this site and passed under Lower Road with a loop to the South Eastern Railway line
Northfleet industrial estate. Trading and light industry stretching to the west of this square
Reservoir – this lies at the back of the north of the estate
Barney Sands. The firm dates to 1939, when three friends, Ron Barney, Roy Sands, and Peter Hartridge made up a company name from their surnames and opened a firm as coachbuilders in Maidstone. In 1946 they moved to Northfleet and in 1976 the firm was bought by West Brothers. They moved into crash repair due to growing demand. In 1986 the Company moved to Northfleet Industrial Estate.

Sources
Barney Sands. Web page
Britannia Metal. Web page
Cement Kilns. Web site
Port of London Authority. Web site
Stoyel and Kidner. The Cement Railways of Kent
Walk Tall Facebook page

Riverside - south bank east of the Tower. Northfleet Terminal

$
0
0
Riverside – south of the river, east of the tower. Northfleet Terminal


Marshland with one path going to a riverside wharf and a vast aggregates site

Post to the south Botany Marshes
Post to the east North End of Tilbury Dock
Post to the north Grays
Post to the west Broadness

Botany Manor Way
Northfleet Terminal. This discharges with a ship to shore pipe. It handles Sea-Dredged Aggregates. Sand and gravel discharges and processing with conveyor loading of all suitable materials for home or export. This is operated by Cemex. This is a very large building and aggregates company and this is one of very many sites which they operate

Sources
PLA Web site

Riverside - south bank east of the Tower. Broadness

$
0
0
Riverside south of the river and east of the Tower  Broadness

A stretch of open marshland containing some useful instrumentation and an isolated community of boats and sheds,  It is however about to become Disneyland (honest!)

Post to the east Northfleet terminal
Post to the north Grays
Post to the west West Thurrock Terminal



Broadness
Broad Ness Lighthouse. This is to guide vessels from St. Clement's Reach into Northfleet Hope and is 23 miles from London Bridge. It was established in 1885 but the current tower was erected in 1975 and converted to electricity in 1981. It is 43 feet high with a light visible for 12 miles,
Navigation beacon on a buoy near to the northern tip of the Swanscombe Peninsula. The beacon emits light and radio waves to vessels using the river to assist with navigation.


Broadness Creek
Broadness Creek is a tidal inlet full of moorings, old boats, jetties and semi-permanent buildings .
It is the outfall of a number of streams, ditches and dykes through the marshland
Wooden stake and brushwood trackway on foreshore near the mouth of Broadness Creek . This may be prehistoric. Erosion of the foreshore on which the trackway lay showed a layer of flint
Anti-tank blocks. There is a possible Second World War tank trap, made up of 24 large concrete blocks in the river channel

Broadness salt marsh,
This area of marshland is said to be reclaimed land which has had extensive tipping from the cement and the waste industries,
Ferry from West Thurrock.  It is not known where on the Broadness peninsula that the ferry ran to – the point itself seems unlikely given the distance and difficulty of travelling from there.  The site of Bell Wharf may be a good alternative site and several footpaths converge there.
White’s Jetty. White’s Swanscombe works dated from 1825 and at some time a railway was built from here to a jetty in the marsh. Clearly the semi derelict jetty with an arm extending into the river and with rail line embedded in it is more modern and has been rebuilt.  It is however known that the railway line was very early
Radar Scanner– this is a navigational aid belonging to the Port of London Authority
Pylon. This 670 foot tower carries power lines across the river, linking with another on the north bank.  They date from the mid 1960s and are probably the tallest electricity pylons in the UK
Broadness weather station. This belongs to the Port of London Authority and monitors temperature and other weather conditions. It includes an anemometer.


Sources
Dartford Council. Web site
London Paramount. Web site
Stoyel and Kidner. The Cement Railways of Kent
Swanscombe Project., Web site
Tucker. Ferries of the Lower Thames
Where Thames Smooth Waters Glide. Web site

Riverside, south bank east of the Tower. Ingress Abbey

$
0
0
Riverside – south bank east of the Tower. Ingress Abbey
Riverside modern housing estate surrounding a mansion with a garden full of follies

Post to the north West Thurrock
Post to the south Knockhall
Post to the west Greenhithe

Broadness Salt Marsh
Black Duck Marsh
Bell wharf   19th cement export.  This is the length of wharf that is attached to the land for its full length. It appears to have been built for White’s Swanscombe works which dated from 1825 and at some time a railway was built from here to a jetty in the marsh.
The Channel Tunnel Rail Link passes under here.

Capability Road
The Monks Well. This is in woodland to the south of the road. It is a Garden structure with a well house from the   18th. It has a flint wall with an arch leading to a tunnel and a semicircular chamber with a well shaft. The Ingress Abbey follies are home to three species of protected bats.- they are Pipistrelle, Daubenton, and Brown Long Eared Bat. These sleep in the crevices between the chalk and the flint. It has been refurbished by Crest. It has expansive views across the Cliff Park. There have been reports of a bluish light coming from inside and a low moaning sound like chanting or praying.
Lovers Arch. This is in woodland to the south of the road at the top of a path which goes nowhere. . It is an 18th garden folly of a flint four-centred arch which originally had a wooden seat. It has been refurbished by Crest

Ingress Abbey
Ingress was a manor in Greenhithe. In 1363, it was given to the Dartford Priory by Edward III. At the Dissolution the estate was confiscated and eventually rebuilt under Henry VIII; it was later passed, with the priory to Anne of Cleves. Under Elizabeth it was given to Edward Darbyshire and John Bere. It then passed through a number of hands until 1760 when it became the property of John Calcraft.  In 1820James Harmer bought the site and built the house which currently stands. Harmer's descendants sold off a large part of the grounds to the Empire Paper Mills.
Ingress Abbey. The current building is probably the fifth house on the site, and was built in 1833 for Alderman James Harmer in Tudor Gothic style by architect Charles Moreing. It is said to have been built of stone from Old London Bridge. It is round three sides of a square with the front facing the river. There is a 19th conservatory at the back and a big heraldic beast above the front.  In 1920 APCM sold the house and grounds to the Incorporated Thames Nautical Training College, H.M.S. Worcester. The College closed in 1968 and became the Merchant Navy College which closed in 1988 and in 1995 most of the land was sold to Crest Nicholson for housing who restored the house. In 1001 Pandora International Ltd purchased Ingress Abbey for their Headquarters.
Ingress Abbey V.A.D. Hospital. In 1917 Ingress Abbey was lent by APCM as an annexe to Rosherville Hospital.  It was equipped by H. Osborne O'Hagan, a Director of the company. It was later affiliated with Chatham Military Hospital, Fort Pitt.  It had a Medical Officer, a Matron, 6 nurses and members of the Kent V.A.D. It closed in 1918.
Stable block. This is east of Ingress Abbey and dated as 1833.
Empire Paper Mills.  In 1905 The Wall Papers Manufacturers’ Association purchased 23 acres of the estate for their factory. This were originally known as the Ingress Abbey Paper Mills, described as wallpaper manufacturers for Darwen based Potter & Branch Co., and date from 1906 and 1908, and used a raft of Blue Gum tree piles as a foundation. The original plant was said to be developed from modified American practice.  The plant included 3 Raw Material Warehouses - Esparto, Rag and Paper and the Wood Pulp -on a foreshore embankment placed so that raw materials were stored in direct line from wharf to mill. These were all keyed in to a system of conveyors. There was a power plant with coal handling equipment and a chimney, of 255 ft. steam engines drove the Paper Machines. Including a Corliss type, horizontal cross compound condensing engine driving the line shafting. In the Engine House were two 400 K. W. generating units. There was also a Preparatory Department. Esparto, Bleach, and Rotary Buildings, plus the Causicizing and Recovery Building Evaporating Room and Colour Room, a Beater Building and Wood Pulp Warehouse. There were five bleach towers for esparto and four for chemical fibre. There were also maintenance sections - Smithy and Machine and other similar shops including The Chemical and Physical Laboratories and office facilities. Later a Paper store was later built at the south end of the site near London Road. In the Second World War, including the recycling of banknotes to make toilet paperIt became part of the Reed Group in the early 1950s where they made paper for newsprint and wood free papers and there were rail connections to the main line. The mill continued until the 1980s and the associated railway closed in 1988.
Ingress Abbey wharf. There are ancient landing rights here. A jetty was built for Empire Paper Mills when the mill opened and this area is now being built on as part of the current housing development. Originally it was built as an integral part of the new mill.-It was 625’ long by 32' wide and connected to the shore by three approaches. It extended out into the river 411' ft with a depth of water to allow vessels to come alongside at the lowest. It included a large travelling transporter tower with electrically driven hoists and winches to load vessels and an electrically driven endless cable railway to transport raw materials to warehouses. Coal transshipment was in a different area with a different system to minimise contamination by coal dust. Barges and other small craft were also handled with a special crane and other equipment
The works’ railway system extended the entire length of the wharf, using the works' locomotives. In 1908 this was connected to the South East and Chatham Railway east of Greenhithe Station. It appears that the line to the works ran north eastwards and through the park in front of Ingress Abbey,

Ingress Park Avenue
This is the spine road through the new estate

Lovers Lane
Ha Ha. In the lane are the remains of an 18th Ha-Ha from the time of e mansion house that preceded the current Ingress Abbey. Maps of the mid 19th show Lovers Lane on an embankment and appearing turning at a bridge.
Boundary stone. This is either a boundary marker for the 1833 Ingress estate or maybe a parish boundary stone between Greenhithe and Swanscombe. It is a square stone with B inscribed on one side and I on the other
Folly bridge. This has two arches, the eastern arch larger and the western a smaller. Both arches have flint walls
Lovers Lane pit – this is an old chalk pit to the east of the southern end of Lovers Lane.
Park Cliff Cottages. These were at the northern end of the lane
Barge Yard. This dated from the late 1890s and was on the site of part of the later Empire Paper Mills Wharf at the end of Lovers Lane.


Palladian Circus
Modern housing around a central mound.
Tudor Mound with Hermit's cave. This had once been assumed to have been established during the 16th century, but there is no evidence of its date. It now has a spiral walk up to the top where there appears to be a spire. There is said to be a small flint grotto buried somewhere near the top.

Riverfront
Memorial to the Incorporated Thames Nautical Training College, H.M.S. Worcester, on the river bank.  Seats and circular mosaic design at the end of The Boulevard.
Chichester and Arethusa. In 1866, Lord Shaftesbury, promoted the idea of a naval training ship for homeless boys in London and persuaded the Admiralty to loan a redundant 50-gun frigate. It was moored on the Thames off Greenhithe. And managed by the Committee of the National Refuges for Homeless and Destitute Children. In 1873, following a donation from Angela Burdett-Coutts towards, a second ship was established, the Arethusa.  The increase in the use of steam power led to a fall in demand for naval crews and it was decided in 1889 to replace the Chichester. By the late 1920s, the Arethusa in a poor state and was told to leave Greenhithe by the Port of London Authority. In 1932 it was replaced by the Peking with a new mooring at Lower Upnor

Swanscombe Cement Works
A small part of the Swanscombe cement works
is on the eastern edge of the square.
Thames Nautical Training College H.M. S. Worcester
The Thames Nautical Training College for over a hundred years used ships named HMS Worcester. London ship-owners and insurance owners subscribed to the institution to train officers for a seagoing career. The Admiralty loaned a frigate H.M.S. Worcester and it opened in 1862 moving to Greenhithe in 1871. A series of other boats were used and renamed Worcester, The Cutty Sark was also used here during the Second World War. In 1968 Worcester became redundant and was sold to be broken up in Belgium in 1978 and the college used Ingress Abbey. This closed and the land wad sold to Crest Nicholson in 1995.

Sources
Baldwin. The River and the Downs
British Listed Buildings. Web ste
Bygone Kent
Children’s Homes. Web site
Gravesend History Society transactions
Lost Hospitals. Web site
Penguin Kent,
Pevsner and Cherry, West Kent
Wheatley and Meulenkamp. Follies

Riverside east of the Tower south bank, Greenhithe

$
0
0
Riverside east of the Tower south bank Greenhithe

Interesting riverside industrial village, now just another 'development' area full of identikit housing

Post to the east Ingress
Post to the north Stoneness
Post to the south Greenhithe


Charles Street
ASDA Supermarket
Sails. Sculpture commissioned by ASDA supermarkets to mark the entrance to this shop. It is in stainless steel with fibre optic lighting by Richard Thornton
Lafarge Riverside site. This a site producing cement and handling sea dredged aggregates on the site of Johnson’s Wharf.  The address given is King Edward Street which is difficult to locate. The site entrance is off Charles Street.
Johnson’s Wharf.  Johnsons Cement works was to the south of this square and a complex of rail lines connected it to the wharf. Split before it gets to the river.  The tramway system and the jetty had originally been built to convey ballast to ships sailing to the Far East. Johnson’s took this over, probably with the locomotives, in 1877. In 1928 a concrete packing shed was built on the jetty and the pier was extended out into the river to take larger ships. The lines were partially electrified in 1978.
West Wharf Jetty
Lamb Wharf Chalk Works. Operated by John Tilden & Co. This works is thought to have been on the site of the later extension to Johnson’s Wharf.
Lamb Inn. This was at the end of Thames Road alongside the rail line to Johnson’s Wharf
Eagles Road
The road goes alongside Eagle Cliff, A wooden promontory along one side of a chalk pit. The pit was at one time filled with oil tanks belonging to Everard
Eagles Wood. This is woodland overlooking the River and given to the Woodland trust by Crest Homes in 1995. It is surrounded by houses built on an old chalk pit in the 1980's. The wood is on a chalk spur on the rim of the pit.
Play area near chalk cliff. A dene hole was found there.

Fiddlers Close
This is near a chalk pit which was behind the Brown Bear in the High Street. The pit was used by Everards for oil storage tanks from 1957
Frobisher Walk
On the site of Everards offices and yard.

High Street
6 Pier Hotel. This has a cobbled yard at the back and until 1832 was called the Admiral Keppel. Although the current pub is said to date from 1847.
9 The Hollies– Double fronted white house with two large holly trees in the front. 1930s Conservative Working Men’s Association Club. Now let as flats.
8 Ye Village Club. This had a library and a reading room and was built in 1883 by R, Dunbar who lived at Eagle Cliff.
17 and 21 were apparently built as cottages for the congregational church. They are early 19th flint cottages
19 This was originally a congregational church dating from 1810, and may later have been used by the Thornton Brush Co, factory. It is in flint and red brick and inside is a gallery supported on cast iron columns. The ceiling has 2 domes
29 The Warren. The present house was built pre-Second World Warn on the site of an earlier house for Frederick T Everard, founder of the shipbuilding who died in 1929. There is an octagonal tower in the grounds. This is a late 18the gazebo built of flint. There is a continuous wooden casement to three sides and an entrance up stairs to rear. This came from Ingress Park where it overlooked the Thames.
Keeps Yard. These were the barge builders on the site of the Everard Yard, where Frederick Everard worked and then took over.
35 Accuba. Double fronted house occupied from the 1930s by W.J. Everard 1930s. One of the original 3 sons and a manager of the yard
45 used by a butcher in the 1930s this still has a fascia board outside possibly used for hanging meat for sale.
54 Everard’s offices. This was a brick building with their house flag, quartered diagonally red and white. F.T.Everard, shipbuilders, were founded in 1889 by Frederick T Everard who had taken over Keep’s barge yard and moved from building into ship operation. Originally Frederick T Eberhardt, he took over a salvaged barge named ‘Elizabeth’ which was rebuilt by his yard in 1895 and continued there. His three sons and   daughter joined him as directors when F.T Everard and Sons Ltd was formed in 1922.they had s large fleet of sailing barges. One of the sons had trained at Plenty and Co of Newbury who manufactured engines, for marine use and Everard's began to make vessels with mechanical propulsion. The first was the Grit, a sailing vessel with an auxiliary engine. The company played their part in both world wars providing repairs to war damaged ships and with an accelerated building programme. The company ran a large fleet of coasting and other vessels and had a tradition of naming its ships with the name ending in ‘ity’ and usually, the name beginning with an A. They took over a number of other companies both locally and elsewhere – including Plenty and Sons, engine builders. Other takeovers were at Gunness, Yarmouth, Goole and elsewhere in Greenhithe. Everard Transport Services were formed for the road transport mainly of their expanding oil transport business.  The shipyard continued at Greenhithe although it was split from the fleet and a tank farm built on part of the site but it closed in 1982 although subsequently leased to South Thames Ship repairers. In 2006 the company was sold to James Fisher & Sons. Ltd.                   
64 Sir John Franklin. The White Hart; dates from 1840 but may be earlier and incorporates an earlier building. In the 16th it was called the King's Head said to have been set up in 1661 and renamed the White Hart in 1742. In 1840, the pub was redesigned and built to face onto the Thames to service visiting boat crews. And there was a recent attempt to rename the pub 'Allison's Bar'. In the 19th the pub was the clubhouse for the Royal Thames Yacht Club which held its sailing races off Greenhithe, Sir John Franklin the explorer spent his last night here in 1845 before leaving to find the north-west passage and to die. It was also from here that Scott left to die in the Antarctic.
Public passageway to the side of what was the White Hart public house led to a public causeway and draw dock,
The public causeway was where the public ferry landed on the Kent side of the river, came from Thurrock and was traditionally where pilgrims from East Anglia to Canterbury crossed. The building of the new seawall in the late 1970s also meant the loss of the public causeway by known called Everard Drawdock
Flood defence works carried out at Greenhithe in the late 1970s are subject of the retention of rights for riparian landowners including that of access across the reclaimed seabed, which were granted by the Port of London Authority in perpetuity.
Town Wharf. Globe Wharf where there was clinker manufacture. These related to large whiting quarries owned 1869-1889 by J. C. Gosling and Co.1889-1899 by Globe Portland Cement and Whiting Co. Ltd and 1899-1911 by New Globe Cement, Chalk and Whiting Co. Ltd From 1911 is was Blue Circle.  The company had originated as a cement manufacturer at Globe Works, Frindsbury. But at Greenhithe it was a whiting works. On Town Wharf, they probably had only a warehouse for shipment of the whiting products. It was acquired by BPCM for the sake of its whiting capacity and chalk reserves. From here a rail line ran to a pit south of the London Road,
Ferry. This served what is said to be the pilgrim traffic from West Thurrock, in particular St. Clements Church. It originally belonged to the nunnery at Dartford but was leased out under Henry VIII and later belonged to the Manor. A flood in the late 17th put the ferry out of action and was revived in the 1830s when it carried goods and cattle as well as pedestrian traffic. It ran into the 1950s, probably until the opening of the Dartford Tunnel.
Chapel– called the Chantry – founded by John Lucas in 1347 dedicated to Virgin Mary.  Suppressed under Edward VI. Said to be some flint walls remaining.
59 The Brown Bear. This pub, now the site of new housing, is said to have been on site 1715 to 1922 although it still appears in the 1937 trade directory.
Almshouses. These seem to have been west of the Brown Bear and to have been three houses with two ladies in each. There is now new housing on this site
79 Woodlands, Double fronted house built 1801. Formerly the home of the Colyer family and latterly used by Everards, the Shipping Company. It was also at one time the local Post Office, the National Westminster Bank and the local library.  The telephone exchange was above the bank and there was also a flat fir the postmaster.  It is now offices for Trans Global
86 Maritime Lighterage 1930s J.R.Francis and Co .  Wharf and offices.
Roman Catholic Church. Our Lady of Mount Carmel built 1874. This was to be a Capuchin Church and Monastery associated with St. Simon Stock who had local connections. There was already a chapel on the site with that name but it was in a poor condition, along with a house next to it. The monastery would be for eight inmates alongside the church.  This was demolished in 1973 by which time the monastery had become a priest’s house. The site is now housing
Plaster products Jetty

Pier Road
Neptune Slipway
K6 telephone box
Neptune Cottages
Bendigo Wharf
Concrete barge.
During the Second World War when, steel was in short supply barges were made of reinforced concrete.

Quay Lane
This appears to be roughly on the line of a tramway from the Town Wharf to pits south of the London Road.

Sara Close
Sara was Everard’s Champion racing barge, the road is on the site of Globe Wharf.
Station Road
Underground tunnel found in 1890s while digging a cess pit. Thought to go to the chantry 150 yards away

The Avenue
This is a steep narrow hill, nothing like an avenue at all


Sources
British Listed Buildings. Web site
Bygone Kent
Cement Kilns. Web site
Dartford Council. Web site
DoverKent, Web site
Garrard. Everard of Greenhithe
Greenhithe Marina Residents Association
Kent County Council. Web site
Porteus. Dartford Country
Roberts. Breeze for a Bargeman
Stoyel and Kidner. The cement railways of Kent
Woodland Trust. Web site
Viewing all 1473 articles
Browse latest View live